Migration and danger: ethnicity and health

Spatial social polarization and birth outcomes: preterm birth and infant mortality – New York City, 2010–14

“…At a time of mounting economic polarization within and across myriad cities and countries [1][2][3], along with political tensions involving ethnic and antiimmigrant discrimination [4][5][6], it is important to ensure that metrics used to monitor health inequities reflect these changing conditions. Considering the case of public health surveillance in relation to birth outcomes, work to date has generally focused on individual level factors associated with preterm birth (PTB) and infant mortality (IM) such as maternal behaviors, pregnancy characteristics, pregnancy history, and biological and genetic markers [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Local Residential Segregation Matters: Stronger Association of Census Tract Compared to Conventional City-Level Measures with Fatal and Non-Fatal Assaults (Total and Firearm Related), Using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for Racial, Economic, and Racialized Economic Segregation, Massachusetts (US), 1995–2010

“…By design, our study was not a causal analysis, but instead was intended to generate novel descriptive data that could inform public health monitoring [21,44] and place-based interventions [66], as well as spark more complex causal investigations. Possible foci for research on the mechanisms that both generate residential segregation and their health impacts might be, in the case of assaults, the range of institutional and interpersonal practices that protect racial and economic privilege [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], along with US policies that permit firearms to be widely available [26][27][28]. Supporting such an approach is a new US national multilevel analysis, which found that Bthe percentage black plays no detectable role net of controls, in predicting violent crime in cities with a black mayor, significant black elected representation, a civilian police review board, high percentages of a Democratic voting electorate, high rates of minority advocacy organizations, and post-civil rights histories of rioting [67]."…”

“…At a time of mounting economic polarization within and across myriad cities and countries [1][2][3], along with political tensions involving ethnic and anti-immigrant discrimination [4][5][6], it is important to ask if the predominant approach to studying the health impacts of residential segregation is sufficient. Typically, in both population health and social science research, measures of residential segregation are computed at the city or regional level, and these measures usually pertain to racial segregation [7][8][9][10][11] or, less commonly, economic segregation [12,13].…”

Contemporary dental student professionalism: moving towards a macro-level perspective

“…2,14 Contextual factors that are increasingly impacting on UK health care provision include: the complexities of providing efficient, cost-effective health care systems; the potentially harmful (iatrogenic) nature of health care; 15 the rise in litigation; and the intractable nature of health inequalities. 16 These macro-level factors remind us of the 'wicked problem' that is health care provision. 17 Linked to this, a patient safety movement emerged in the 1990s, foregrounding the principles of candour, accountability and transparency, 18,19 plus a patient-centred care movement which advocates for providing care that respects and responds to the needs, preferences and values of the individual.…”