“…From the perspective of surveys and national censuses, emigrants are demographically similar to deaths, in that they cannot be interviewed. In addition, when family members who are left behind are asked questions about relatives abroad, existing micro studies suffer from severe attrition issues among migrant households due to the fact that the remaining members are likely to have joined another household (Bertoli and Murard, 2020). For this reason, other micro studies have focused on migration aspirations, comparing individuals who want to stay in their home country with those who have not yet migrated but express a desire to move (Manchin and Orazbayev, 2014;Dustmann and Okatenko, 2014;Docquier et al, 2015;Manchin and Orazbayev, 2018;Bertoli and Ruyssen, 2018;Ruyssen and Salomone, 2018;Beine et al, 2020;Docquier et al, 2019).…”