Migration and AIDS in Mexico

Magis-Rodríguez, Carlos; Gayet, Cecilia; Negroni, Mirka; Leyva, René Augusto Marín; Bravo-García, Enrique; Uribe, Patricia Martínez; Bronfman, Mario

doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000141252.16099.af

Cited by 90 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Studies in India revealed that 30% of migrant workers have higher rates of risky sexual behaviors such as non-marital sexual intercourse at the place of destination [14]. Other studies in South Africa (31.4%), North Carolina (46%), and California (30%) indicated that migrant workers living apart from their wives are likely to engage in higher rates of multiple and commercial sex [13,15,16]. Studies in India (25%), South Africa (33%), and Croatia (44.7%) revealed that condom use is less practiced among seasonal migrant workers having sexual contact with any casual or commercial sexual partners [17-19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior and vulnerability to HIV infection among seasonal migrant laborers in Metema district, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Tiruneh¹,

Wasie

González

2015

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundPoor socio-economic conditions fuel seasonal migration of adult males from Northwestern Ethiopia, but behavioral and other migration-related changes increase their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. This study examined risky sexual behaviors and associated factors that may lead to increased HIV infection vulnerability among migrant laborers in Metema District, Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 8–18, 2013 at farms with migrant laborers. We enrolled 756 participants through multistage random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using EPI Info7; bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS.Results582 (77%) migrant workers had sexual intercourse in their lifetime. 68% (397/582) reported non-marital sexual intercourse in the preceding six months. Of these, 74% reported sexual intercourse with commercial sex workers, 49% reported having transactional sex, 49% reported unprotected sexual intercourse with CSWs, 69% reported multiple sexual partners in the preceding six months (mean = 2.9 ± 0.7). Being aged between 20–29 (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.99) and 30 years or older (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.1, 5.71), receipt of HIV prevention information in the preceding six months (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.63), and staying longer on the farm (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.46, 5.14) were factors significantly associated with condom use at last non-marital sexual intercourse. Respondents aged ≤19, not receiving HIV information in the preceding six months, or staying on the farm for ≤2 months were less likely to have used condoms at their last non-marital sexual intercourse. Moreover, having daily income above USD 5.00 (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.41), paying for most recent sexual intercourse (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.61), and drinking alcohol during last sexual intercourse (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.83) were significantly associated with having multiple (≥2) sexual partners during the preceding six months.ConclusionsSeasonal laborers commonly exhibit risky sexual behaviors likely to increase their vulnerability to HIV infection. Unprotected and multiple sex partners in these populations pose transmission risks to seasonal laborers and onward to their wives and future sexual partners. The findings support the need for targeted HIV prevention campaigns designed for seasonal workers and their sexual partners.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior and vulnerability to HIV infection among seasonal migrant laborers in Metema district, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Tiruneh¹,

Wasie

González

2015

BMC Public Health

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“…A large proportion of men who attended the Family PACT clinics generally were seeking treatment of an STI before returning home to their families left behind in Mexico. This has important implications for their wives or partners in California and Mexico, who, because of traditional feminine roles in Mexico, and the associated low degree of power, may have limited ability to negotiate sexual practices with their partners, such as condom use, or to discuss men's previous sexual histories while in the USA (Magis-Rodriguez et al 2004). Numerous other studies have confirmed that female partners of Mexican men who travel to the USA may be unknowingly at high risk for STIs, including HIV/AIDS (Hirsch et al 2002;Brammeier et al 2008;Caballero-Hoyos et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Studies have found that they are more likely to engage in risk-related sexual practices in the USA, such as a higher number of partners, sex with sex workers and increased substance abuse (Organista et al 1997;Viadro and Earp 2000;Magis-Rodriguez et al 2004;O'Brien, Hunt, and Hart 2005;Brammeier et al 2008). Migration has been found to be a risk factor for HIV and other sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) in several studies among Mexican immigrants (Magis-Rodriguez et al 2004;Organista, Carrillo, and Ayala 2004;Erlich, Organista, and Oman 2007;Rhodes et al 2008). Latinos in the USA are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections and STI rates continue to rise among this population (Center for Disease Control 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gender, masculinity and migration: Mexican men and reproductive health in the Californian context

Maternowska

Withers

Brindis

2014

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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An appreciation of the social, cultural and economic dimensions of gender and sexuality is important in increasing reproductive health service utilisation. This analysis of recent Mexican male immigrants in Southern California focuses on changing views of gender roles, masculinity and relationship dynamics in the context of migration in order to explain low levels of reproductive healthcare utilisation. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 men who had migrated from Mexico. Some men saw their migratory experience as empowering, both individually and within the couple context. Migration reinforced positive male qualities, such as being a good provider. However, for others, the levelling of economic power between immigrant couples challenged traditional male gender roles and threatened men's identities. Maintaining control and decision-making power, especially in reproduction, remained tenacious, especially among older men. In response to immigration, however, men's views of ideal family size and contraceptive method preferences had evolved. The migration process caused some divisions in family networks and aspirations of fatherhood as an expression of masculinity contributed to varying levels of contraceptive use. Recommendations are made on factors that may empower male clients more actively to seek reproductive healthcare in the context of more equitable couple decision-making.

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“…For example, prioritised health strategies in Mexico focus on Pre-departure conditions, such as limited access to condoms and testing and social norms regarding sexuality, by using mobile health units, campaigns to incorporate HIV testing into routine primary care visits, and mass media campaigns addressing homophobia, gender inequality, and stigma related to HIV (Izazola Licea et al 2010; Magis-Rodriguez et al 2004; Strathdee and Magis-Rodriguez 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and HIV risk: life histories of Mexican-born men living with HIV in North Carolina

Mann

Valera

Hightow-Weidman

et al. 2014

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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Latino men in the Southeastern USA are disproportionately affected by HIV, but little is known about how the migration process influences HIV-related risk. In North Carolina (NC), a relatively new immigrant destination, Latino men are predominantly young and from Mexico. We conducted 31 iterative life history interviews with 15 Mexican-born men living with HIV. We used holistic content narrative analysis methods to examine HIV vulnerability in the context of migration and to identify important turning points. Major themes included the prominence of traumatic early life experiences, migration as an ongoing process rather than a finite event, and HIV diagnosis as a final turning point in migration trajectories. Findings provide a nuanced understanding of HIV vulnerability throughout the migration process and have implications including the need for bi-national HIV prevention approaches, improved outreach around early testing and linkage to care, and attention to mental health.

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Migration and AIDS in Mexico

Cited by 90 publications

References 6 publications

Sexual behavior and vulnerability to HIV infection among seasonal migrant laborers in Metema district, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Sexual behavior and vulnerability to HIV infection among seasonal migrant laborers in Metema district, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Gender, masculinity and migration: Mexican men and reproductive health in the Californian context

Migration and HIV risk: life histories of Mexican-born men living with HIV in North Carolina

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