Migrasome, a novel organelle, differs from exosomes

Tan, Xiaodong; He, Songbing; Wang, Fuling; Li, Lei M.; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101500

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Migrasome production depends on cell migration, and migrasome-mediated intercellular information transmission is extremely special because it only exists in migrating cells 16 . The regulation and functions of migrasome formation is not well understood 17 . Previous studies have suggested that migrasomes may have an important effect on the occurrence and development of cancer and might be new targets for cancer treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and formation of migrasome increases in the glioma cells induced by the adipokinetic hormone

Köktürk,

Doğan,

Yılmaz

et al. 2024

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: It has been previously shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is linked with various types of cancer. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is found to be highly expressed in multiple human cancers and associated with tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Adipokinetic hormones are functionally related to the vertebrate glucagon, as they have similar functionalities that manage the nutrient-dependent secretion of these two hormones. Migrasomes are new organelles that contain numerous small vesicles, which aid in transmitting signals between the migrating cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Anax imperator adipokinetic hormone on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and ultrastructure of cells in the C6 glioma cell line. METHODS: The rat C6 glioma cells were treated with concentrations of 5 and 10 Anax imperator adipokinetic hormone for 24 h. The effects of the Anax imperator adipokinetic hormone on the migrasome formation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression were analyzed using immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The rat C6 glioma cells of the 5 and 10 μM Anax imperator adipokinetic hormone groups showed significantly high expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and migrasomes numbers, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: A positive correlation was found between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression level and the formation of migrasome, which indicates that the increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the number of migrasomes may be involved to metastasis of the rat C6 glioma cell line induced by the Anax imperator adipokinetic hormone. Therefore, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and migrasome formation may be promising targets for preventing tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in glioma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and formation of migrasome increases in the glioma cells induced by the adipokinetic hormone

Köktürk,

Doğan,

Yılmaz

et al. 2024

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…After the discovery of migrasomes, several publications have referred to migrasomes as EVs 8,12-20 or compared them directly to EVs. [21][22][23][24] The migrasome discovery paper by Ma et al 2 describes the specific disintegration of RFs resulting in migrasome release to be key for intercellular communication in migrating cells, thus generating a basis for comparison with EVs. However, as their own electron microscopy data shows, the migrasomes are not released from the RFs but still share plasma membrane with joined RFs, 2 which was recently also confirmed by Zhang et al 9 For some of the in-depth characterization by electron microscopy, density gradient-based cell fractionation was used to enrich for the migrasomes, 2 which could potentially allow for coenrichment of other membrane protrusion structures such as different filopodia extensions.…”

Section: Mig R a Some S S Hould Not B E CL A Ss Ified A S E X Tr Acel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the discovery of migrasomes, several publications have referred to migrasomes as EVs 8 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 or compared them directly to EVs. 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 The migrasome discovery paper by Ma et al 2 describes the specific disintegration of RFs resulting in migrasome release to be key for intercellular communication in migrating cells, thus generating a basis for comparison with EVs. However, as their own electron microscopy data shows, the migrasomes are not released from the RFs but still share plasma membrane with joined RFs, 2 which was recently also confirmed by Zhang et al.…”

Section: Migrasomes Should Not Be Classified As Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrasomes should not be classified as extracellular vesicles

Gudbergsson,

Etzerodt

2024

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Cellular migration requires involvement of several different structures and cellular pathways that allow the cell to sense the surrounding environment and move through it. During migration, retraction fibers (RFs) are left behind the trailing edge of the cell or from retracted cellular protrusions such as lamellipodia or filopodia. 1 Formation of vesicle-like structures in RFs has recently been described and named as 'migrasomes', 2 and was shown to form by clustering of tetraspanin-and cholesterol microdomains in RFs which ultimately 'swells' and becomes a migrasome. 3 Finally, migrasomes have been proposed to degrade over time and release their content to the extracellular space for intercellular communication purposes. 2 The main marker used to identify migrasomes has been TSPAN4 and the characterization has mostly been done in TSPAN4overexpressing cells. However, the migrasome structures themselves are not new and identical structures have been identified three decades ago and many times since, although, their name has not been coined until recently. [4][5][6][7]

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“…While apoptotic bodies, one of the most well-studied subtypes of ectosomes, are submicron vesicles only derived from cells undergoing programmed cell death 9 . Recently, membranous vesicles produced by migrating cells at the near ends are identified as a novel subtype of EVs and referred to as “migrasome”, whose roles in cellular communication are under extensive exploration 10 , 11 . It is worth mentioning that there is a growing interest in distinct non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs) with diameter less than 50 nm, which are known as exomere and supermere 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in diabetic retinopathy

Zhu,

Huang,

Sun

et al. 2024

Theranostics

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complex complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a leading cause of adult blindness. Hyperglycemia triggers DR, resulting in microvascular damage, glial apoptosis, and neuronal degeneration. Inflammation and oxidative stress play crucial roles during this process. Current clinical treatments for DR primarily target the advanced retinal disorder but offer limited benefits with inevitable side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibit unique morphological features, contents, and biological properties and can be found in cell culture supernatants, various body fluids, and tissues. In DR, EVs with specific cargo composition would induce the reaction of receptor cell once internalized, mediating cellular communication and disease progression. Increasing evidence indicates that monitoring changes in EV quantity and content in DR can aid in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, extensive research is investigating the potential of these nanoparticles as effective therapeutic agents in preclinical models of DR. This review explores the current understanding of the pathological effects of EVs in DR development, discusses their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, and paves the way for further research and therapeutic advancements.

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Migrasome, a novel organelle, differs from exosomes

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and formation of migrasome increases in the glioma cells induced by the adipokinetic hormone

Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and formation of migrasome increases in the glioma cells induced by the adipokinetic hormone

Migrasomes should not be classified as extracellular vesicles

Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in diabetic retinopathy

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