“…Thirdly, adult migrants have specific needs including developing noticing skills, self-regulation and directions to85crutinie one's learning (Demmans Epp, 2017), getting just-in-time provision of words according to contexts (Abou-Khalil et al, 2019), being involved in opportunities to safely practice communication skills and get positive and negative feedback (Hebbani et al, 2022). As experimental research remains rare (only Köhler's article among the 14 that were 85 crutinizedd), protocols examining adult migrants' strategies in using machine translation tools, word-processing, online dictionaries and speech-totext applications, among other tools and applications, are needed to complement the existing knowledge concerning this population's literacy needs.…”