Migrant status, school segregation, and students’ academic achievement in urban China

Ma, Gaoming

doi:10.1080/21620555.2019.1680280

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Employers are looking to pull in alternative labour sources, resulting in the hiring of an increasing number of married migrant women (Xiao & Cooke, 2012;Zhang, 2009). Some children stay behind in the countryside while their mothers work in cities and are taken care of by their grandparents or other alternative caregivers (Liu, 2014;Xiang, 2007;Ye, 2018), while other children move together with their rural migrant mothers (Liang & Chen, 2007;Lu & Zhou, 2013;Ma, 2019). However, most studies on rural migrant mothers only include data on either staybehind children or migrant children.…”

Section: Understanding Rural Migrant Working Mothers In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving together or left behind? An examination of rural migrant working mothers' childcare strategies in the cities

Guo,

Lin,

Zhu

2024

Child

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BackgroundIn China, an increasing number of rural mothers participate in urban labour markets, but little is known about their decisions regarding childcare while living in these cities. Why do some rural mothers migrate to the cities with their children, whereas others leave their children behind in the countryside?MethodsThis study analysed 1852 samples from the 2016 China Migrant Dynamic Survey of rural migrant mothers collected in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). These mothers were registered with agricultural hukou outside of the PRD and had at least one child under 18 years of age.ResultsThe results indicated that 57.8% of these mothers migrated together with their children. Rural migrant mothers who were self‐employed, had a higher level of household income on a log10 scale and had a longer duration of migration were more willing to adopt closely performing motherhood than rural migrant mothers who were not self‐employed. Additionally, rural working mothers who were intra‐provincial migrants and had a smaller number of children were more likely to bring their children to the cities than rural working mothers who were inter‐provincial migrants.ConclusionsThis study works to strengthen the understanding of rural migrant working mothers' childcare strategies, provide insights for future policy studies and contribute to evidence‐based recommendations for policymakers regarding internal rural‐to‐urban migration, migrant women and the wellbeing of the families of migrants.

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Section: Understanding Rural Migrant Working Mothers In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving together or left behind? An examination of rural migrant working mothers' childcare strategies in the cities

Guo,

Lin,

Zhu

2024

Child

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“…Firstly, due to fertility delay, when most couples bring their first child into the family, the grandparents are less physically capable of providing intensive care to the newborn and new mother. Secondly, due to changes of parenting culture among the Chinese middle class (Chen, 2018) and the increasing incidence of the separation of residence between young couples and their parents (Ma et al, 2011), many new mothers worry that intergenerational grudges during cohabitation will intensify due to different styles of parenting. Thirdly, employing a maternity helper has become the new social norm.…”

Section: Maternity Helpers As Emotional Laborersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive experiences in emotional labor: Deep acting, symbolic boundaries, and labor autonomy

Xiao

2023

Chinese Journal of Sociology

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One important approach to studying emotional labor is to focus on its negative impact from the perspective of organizational psychology. Less attention is paid to the positive effect. This paper adopts a cultural sociology approach to study how “maternity helpers” use boundary work, such as “deep acting” and constructing symbolic boundaries, to produce positive experiences in the process of emotional labor. In deep acting, they actively distort the boundaries of the private space, introduce a family-oriented narrative, and participate in a certain amount of “philanthropic labor”. They are also engaged in constructing symbolic boundaries by promoting themselves as “childcare experts”, in order to get the upper hand when interacting and negotiating with clients. Both boundary work strategies constitute an attempt to challenge social boundaries by constructing symbolic boundaries. This paper argues that the concept of autonomy in emotional labor should adopt a relational approach, thus accounting for the ability for the laborers to autonomously choose strategies that can produce equal and meaningful social relations, rather than merely focusing on the independent self with clear boundaries or the ability to control the labor process. Nevertheless, autonomy in emotional labor is constrained by both institutional and cultural conditions.

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“…Meanwhile, those children still living in villages cannot be ignored in the family migration context. The absence of parents has a serious impact on LBC's welfare (Jin et al, 2020; Ma, 2020).…”

Section: Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural–urban migration, family arrangement, and children's welfare: Evidence from China's rural areas

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to analyze the impact of different migration arrangements on child welfare.BackgroundWith the rapid economic development in China, large numbers of migrants are moving to metropolitan areas in search of better jobs. They are faced with the dilemma of whether to leave their children behind in the countryside due to various socioeconomic factors.MethodA total of 1005 children with migrant parents and 532 children with nonimmigrant parents were included. An order logit method was used to estimate the impact of family arrangements on child welfare by using China Family Panel Survey Database 2016. To control for the initial heterogeneity of individual, family, and regional characteristics, propensity score matching was used.ResultsThe findings revealed that the types of family arrangement were complicated, with 66.2% of migrant children in the city with their parents and 74.1% of children were left behind in the rural area. Children who migrate to the city with their parents had significantly greater improvement in their math and Chinese grades, overall school performance, and better physical health than left‐behind children. The impact of family arrangements on mental health was not statistically significant. The impact of migration was more pronounced for children under 12 years of age.ConclusionParents' migration decisions have significant implications for child's welfare. The presence of parents and better educational and medical resources are conducive to school performance and physical health for children. The impact of life circumstances and social identity on child's psychological health needs closer attention.ImplicationsRelaxing the household registration system, making policy adjustments that aim to improve the standard of living in places where migrants relocate, and providing conditions for integration are positive, significant steps that could be taken to promote the physical and mental health of both left‐behind and migrant children.

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Migrant status, school segregation, and students’ academic achievement in urban China

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Moving together or left behind? An examination of rural migrant working mothers' childcare strategies in the cities

Moving together or left behind? An examination of rural migrant working mothers' childcare strategies in the cities

Positive experiences in emotional labor: Deep acting, symbolic boundaries, and labor autonomy

Rural–urban migration, family arrangement, and children's welfare: Evidence from China's rural areas

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