Migrant remittances and fertility

Anwar, Amar; Mughal, Mazhar

doi:10.1080/00036846.2016.1139676

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…High infant mortality means high risk of child's death and parents being rational agents will produce more offspring to reduce their risk. This finding is consistent with previous findings in South Asia that child mortality and fertility had strong positive association (Adhikari 2010;Anwar and Mughal 2016).…”

Section: Long Run Estimatessupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, fertility will decrease with the increase in education. This result also supports the findings of Anwar and Mughal (2016) that in South Asia, education level has increased in last few decades, which has created awareness about female health issues which has lowered infant mortality and has resulted in lower fertility rate. Urbanization has a decreasing effect on fertility rate as the coefficients of urbanization are negative and statistically significant in both estimations.…”

Section: Long Run Estimatessupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Although these studies have examined the various determinants of fertility in South Asian countries, however, no study has been conducted so for to examine the effect of financial development on fertility in these countries using panel data. More recently, Anwar and Mughal (2016) have examined the effects of various variables especially the effect of remittances on fertility in South Asia using unbalanced panel data. However, they have also ignored the effect of financial development on fertility.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fertility and Financial Development in South Asia

et al. 2016

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The paper empirically examines old-age security hypothesis to explain fertility rates in South Asia. Panel data is used for the period 1972-2013 for seven South Asian countries which include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The estimated results reveal that in South Asia fertility rate decreases with the increase in financial development. Thus, the findings support old-age security hypothesis that parents use children as financial instruments to secure their old age. This paper validates the theory that the availability of alternative financial tools reduces the incentives of households to have large offspring. Infant mortality is also shown an important factor for high fertility rate in South Asia. This implies that households cover their risk from losing children by producing more children. The results also reveal that fertility rate decreases with the increase in per capita income, which implies that households treat children as inferior good in this region. In other words, households prefer quality of children over quantity of children when their income level increases. The results have also shown that fertility decreases with the increase in education, urbanization, agriculture productivity and industrialization. The study has some important policy implications.

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Section: Long Run Estimatessupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Long Run Estimatessupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertility and Financial Development in South Asia

et al. 2016

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“…A perverse combination of the two can result in increasing income inequality. It has also been shown that remittances have the effect of reducing the fertility rate of women (Anwar and Mughal 2016), although this possible impact is not widely studied.…”

Section: Remittance-led Growth Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the threshold effect of remittances on total factor productivity growth in South Asia: a study of Bangladesh and India

et al. 2017

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Both Bangladesh and India are among the top recipient of remittances in absolute terms. However, in relative terms -remittances as a per cent of GDP -the two countries stand at 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively, well below the levels of the top 10 recipients. In this article, we explore the effect of remittances on the total factor productivity (TFP) growth considering Bangladesh and India, as reference countries over the periods 1980-2012 and 1977-2012, respectively. We examine the presence of a long-run association between remittances and TFP using a number of tests. The results indicate that remittances have threshold effects on TFP growth in both countries. Despite the two countries receiving substantial amount of remittances, we note that Bangladesh has a U-shaped relationship whereas India has an inverted U-shaped relationship with TFP growth. For Bangladesh, a minimum threshold of remittances (% GDP) is 5.3% and for India, a tipping point of remittances (% GDP) is at 1.8%. The causality tests confirm a bidirectional effect, which implies that remittances and TFP growth are mutually reinforcing. Interestingly, while the two economies have similar remittances impact in regards to causality, the study highlights two different tipping points of remittances.

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“…This is acknowledged as social remittances (Levitt, 1998). There is evidence, for instance, that remittances reduce fertility rates in recipient countries due to a transfer of social preferences (Anwar & Mughal, 2016; Ibrokhimov et al, 2023; Naufal & Vargas-Silva, 2009), while Ponce et al (2011) finds evidence of a knowledge effect in Ecuador as remittances increase knowledge on AIDS. The migration of household members, however, may be linked to disruptive effects resulting from parental absence.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Remittances Affect Child Mortality at Different Levels of Mortality? Estimating Unconditional Quantile Treatment Effects on Three Leading Causes of Child Mortality

Deonanan,

Ramkissoon

2024

Sage Open

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There is an emerging view that remittances improve health outcomes in developing countries, though less is known about the conditions under which they may be effective. This study investigates whether and how the impact of remittances on child mortality depends on the level of mortality itself. Using a sample of 134 developing countries over the period 1990 to 2018, we estimate unconditional quantile treatment effects with an endogenous treatment variable, on aggregate child mortality and the three leading cause-specific child mortality rates: mortality from neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases. We find that the impact of remittances differs systematically across the mortality distribution and across mortality indicators. Remittances appear less effective at reducing child mortality at the lowest and highest mortality rates than at the average.

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Migrant remittances and fertility

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Fertility and Financial Development in South Asia

Fertility and Financial Development in South Asia

Revisiting the threshold effect of remittances on total factor productivity growth in South Asia: a study of Bangladesh and India

How Do Remittances Affect Child Mortality at Different Levels of Mortality? Estimating Unconditional Quantile Treatment Effects on Three Leading Causes of Child Mortality

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