Migraine, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and screen time in children attending a Sri Lankan tertiary care facility: are they associated?

Attygalle, Udena Ruwindu; Hewawitharana, Gemunu; Wijesinghe, C. J.

doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01855-5

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The confounders were included based on existing literature. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistics software (version 26; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). The level of significance was set at 0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No clear definition of screen time, or which devices it includes, is found in existing studies and literature, but the common denominator is time spent on screen-based electronics. [22][23][24][25] According to a large study including 2,000 young Americans in 2010, the average 8-to 10-year-old spent nearly 5.5 hours a day in front of a screen, 11-to 14year-olds spent > 8 hours a day while 15-to 18-year-olds spent > 6 hours daily. 26 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that the child's total entertainment screen time is limited to a maximum of 2 hours per day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Headache in Children and Adolescents: The Association between Screen Time and Headache within a Clinical Headache Population

et al. 2021

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Background More than half of children and adolescents have experienced headache within the last 3 months. Several risk factors for headache have been identified, including obesity and lack of sleep. The association between screen time and headache in children and adolescents is sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to assess this association and evaluate if it varied according to headache diagnosis. Method This cross-sectional study was performed at the tertiary pediatric outpatient clinic for headache at Herlev University Hospital. A total of 139 participants who answered a questionnaire on lifestyle factors and their daily living were included. Diagnoses of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) were made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3. Children with both migraine and TTH were allocated to a mixed headache group. We differentiated between total, leisure, and school-related screen time. Results The mean age was 13.20 ± 3.38 years and 53.2% were girls. Note that 25.2% were diagnosed with migraine without aura, 23.0% migraine with aura, 28.1% TTH, 15.8% mixed headache, and 7.9% had an unclassified headache diagnosis at the time of inclusion. There was no statistically significant difference in screen time across the five headache groups. An association between screen time and headache frequency was found in children with migraine with aura. Conclusion In this study, we investigated the association between screen time and headache in children and adolescents. More screen time was associated with more frequent headaches in children with migraine with aura. Future prospective studies are needed to determine the causality of this association.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Headache in Children and Adolescents: The Association between Screen Time and Headache within a Clinical Headache Population

et al. 2021

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“…Parallel to the rise in screen media use in adults, it is expected that screen device use and related health adversities in children have also risen. Recent studies have reported associations between high screen time and migraine and behavioural problems among older children in Sri Lanka [ 14 , 15 ]. However, the conformity to international recommendations on screen time among preschool children in Sri Lanka has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic screen device usage and screen time among preschool-attending children in a suburban area of Sri Lanka

et al. 2022

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Background Excessive use of screen devices and screen time are increasing health problems in children. We aim to describe the electronic screen device usage and determine the factors associated with their use among preschool-attending children in a suburban population in Sri Lanka. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a suburban Medical Officer of Health area of Sri Lanka from January to March 2020. All children aged between 36–59 months attending ten randomly selected preschools were recruited. Data were collected using a parent-administered questionnaire and analysed using binary logistic regression in SPSS. The prevalence of electronic device usage, the average time spent on each device, and factors associated with individual device usage were analysed. Results A total of 340 children (Male-48%; mean age-50.1 ± 6.9 months) were recruited. Electronic devices were used by 96% of children. The most common devices were the television (87%) and the smartphone (63%). Of the children who used electronic devices, 60% exceeded the recommended screen time limit of one hour per day, 21% used devices for more than two hours per day, and 51% commenced using devices by two years of age. The higher education level of the father was independently associated with the use of smartphones and laptops and daily screen time of more than one hour (p < 0.05 for all). Male sex and being the only child were significantly associated with the use of smartphones, whereas maternal employment was associated with the use of laptops (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Electronic screen devices were used by 96% of preschool-attending children, and over 60% used them for more than the recommended daily upper limit of one hour. Higher paternal education, maternal employment and being the only child were significantly associated with electronic screen device use.

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“…Though a causal association cannot be maintained, a high prevalence of ADHD symptoms has been described in children and adolescents suffering from migraine ( 48 , 49 , 69 ) ( Table 1 ). Arruda et al ( 48 ) showed a significant higher prevalence of ADHD in children with migraine compared with control subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interictal Cognitive Performance in Children and Adolescents With Primary Headache: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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Primary headache is a very common and disabling disease. The burden of pain and recurrent attacks may lead to a poor quality of life, anxiety and depression. An increased risk of low functioning and curricular performances in young patients with primary headache has been described. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between migraine and poor school achievement may be various and could be a reflection of weak cognitive skills. Data concerning the cognitive functioning in the free pain interval in pediatric age are under-investigated and results are far from conclusive. The present review article suggests that, though considered a benign disease, pediatric migraine may be associated to altered neuropsychological functioning in the interictal phase. Although children and adolescents with migraine generally have a normal intelligence, they may show a not homogeneous cognitive profile, characterized by possible difficulties in verbal skills, in particular comprehension abilities. Pediatric primary headache may present altered neuropsychological functioning involving attentional resources, processing speed and memory, particularly verbal memory. Given the impact that this disease can have on school performance and the tendency to persist from childhood to adulthood, a cognitive screening in young patients affected by primary headache is pivotal. Additional neuropsychological research using more homogenous methods is needed.

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Migraine, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and screen time in children attending a Sri Lankan tertiary care facility: are they associated?

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Headache in Children and Adolescents: The Association between Screen Time and Headache within a Clinical Headache Population

Headache in Children and Adolescents: The Association between Screen Time and Headache within a Clinical Headache Population

Electronic screen device usage and screen time among preschool-attending children in a suburban area of Sri Lanka

Interictal Cognitive Performance in Children and Adolescents With Primary Headache: A Narrative Review

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