Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus – The need for global proactive surveillance, sequencing and modeling

Al‐Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Petersen, Eskild; Memish, Ziad A.; Perlman, Stanley; Zumla, Alimuddin

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102118

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…An outbreak in South Korea in 2015 was related to a single point source patient, with a history of recent travel to the Middle East, without ongoing zoonotic exposure and highlighted the risk of super spreader events, nosocomial transmission, and the pandemic potential of MERS-CoV [22,23]. However, recent studies analyzing suspected MERS-CoV cases in France and the UK showed that detection in returning travelers remains rare, with no cases detected in the French series and only five cases detected in the UK (0.3%) of all screened cases, with influenza being the most common detected virus [24][25][26]. A recent review of Hajj pilgrims identified no MERS-CoV cases among more than 100 000 individuals screened [23].…”

Section: Andandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary infections in the returning traveler

Norman,

Gonzalez-Sanz

2024

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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Purpose of review The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shaped the epidemiology of other infectious diseases globally. International tourist arrivals are increasing and recovering to prepandemic levels. This review focuses on respiratory infections in travelers, highlighting the characteristics of the main imported viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections with pulmonary involvement. Recent findings A recent systematic review estimated a prevalence of respiratory symptoms in travelers of around 35%, increasing to nearly 65% in the context of mass gatherings. Common viral and bacterial pathogens account for the majority of respiratory infections with an identified cause; however, recent data focus on the need for surveillance of emerging infections such as MERS-CoV, henipaviruses and multidrug resistant bacteria, which may be spread through travel. Fungal and parasitic respiratory infections are less common, and acquisition is usually associated with specific risk factors or exposure in endemic areas. Special risk groups, such as immunocompromised travelers, may be particularly vulnerable, presenting with severe disease or reactivation of latent infections. Summary The next significant international epidemic could involve another new infectious agent causing respiratory disease and spreading via mobile populations. Official protocols should be adhered to, and public health interventions implemented for effective control. Continued and globally coordinated investments in research for new vaccines, therapeutic agents, disease modeling, and digital tracking strategies are essential.

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Section: Andandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary infections in the returning traveler

Norman,

Gonzalez-Sanz

2024

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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“…The drug delayed chain cessation of nascent viral RNA as a means of terminating viral replication. The investigation of the antiviral activity of remdesivir using cell-based assay has revealed the activity of the drug on a rhesus monkey model infected with the Ebola virus [64] . Also, the possibility of in vitro inhibitory effect of remdesivir was observed in primary human epithelial cell culture infected with SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Drugs Repositioned To Target Sars-cov-2-s Protein and Rdrpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the possibility of in vitro inhibitory effect of remdesivir was observed in primary human epithelial cell culture infected with SARS-CoV-2. The drug has shown potential in the inhibition of human and zoonotic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, related bat coronaviruses, MERS-CoV, HCoVOC43, mouse hepatitis virus, coronavirus HKU5, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63 [64] . An investigation has shown that intravenous treatment of rhesus monkey with 10 mg/kg of remdesivir (with an intracellular half-life of 14 h) can lead to 24 h presence of an active form of remdesivir (trisphosphate form) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and this could be applicable in SARS-CoV-2 infected animal species.…”

Section: Drugs Repositioned To Target Sars-cov-2-s Protein and Rdrpmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA dependent RNA polymerase as targets for drug and vaccine development: A review

Muhammed¹,

Nadabo²,

Pius³

et al. 2021

Biosafety and Health

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The present pandemic has posed a crisis to the economy of the world and the health sector. Therefore, the race to expand research to understand some good molecular targets for vaccine and therapeutic development for SARS-CoV-2 is inevitable. The newly discovered coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA, and enveloped virus, assigned to the beta CoV genus. The virus (SARS-CoV-2) is more infectious than the previously detected coronaviruses (MERS and SARS). Findings from many studies have revealed that S protein and RdRp are good targets for drug repositioning, novel therapeutic development (antibodies and small molecule drugs), and vaccine discovery. Therapeutics such as chloroquine, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, spike binding peptides, and small molecules could alter the ability of S protein to bind to the ACE-2 receptor, and drugs such as remdesivir (targeting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp), favipir, and Emetine could prevent SASR-CoV-2 RNA synthesis. The novel vaccines such as mRNA1273 (Moderna), 3LNP-mRNAs (Pfizer/BioNTech), and ChAdOx1-S (University of Oxford/Astra Zeneca) targeting S protein have proven to be effective in combating the present pandemic. Further exploration of the potential of S protein and RdRp is crucial in fighting the present pandemic.

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“…This recognizes certain bacterial chemical elements and so serves an important role in the immunological responses to microbial infections. Once they triggered a signaling cascades start which triggers innate or adaptive immune responses against the invading pathogen [2] . TLRs are involved in the TLRs pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory or immunological illnesses, particularly cancer, and had been identified as initial line of defense for human's antibacterial reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Article Review: Toll-like Receptors and COVID-19

Ismael

2022

Int. j. res. appl. sci. biotechnol.

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By March 2020, a pandemic had been emerged Corona Virus Infection in 2019 (COVID-19), which was triggered through the sensitive pulmonary syndrome (SARS disease corona virus- 2 (SARS COV-2). Overall precise path physiology of SARS COV-2 still unknown, as does the involvement of every element of the acute or adaptable immunity systems. Additionally, evidence from additional corona virus groups, including SARS COV as well as the Middle East pulmonary disease, besides that, fresh discoveries might help researchers fully comprehend SARS CoV-2. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve a critical part in both detection of viral particles as well as the stimulation of the body's immune response. When TLR systems are activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin 1 (IL1), IL6, or nuclear factors, in addition to helpful interferon, are secreted. TLRs such as TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, or TLR9 might possibly have a role in COVID-19 infections. It's also important noting that while dealing with COVID-19 infections, researchers should consider both the good or detrimental impacts of TLR. TLRs might be a focus for reducing infections inside the initial phases of the illness or developing a SARS CoV-2 vaccine.

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus – The need for global proactive surveillance, sequencing and modeling

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Pulmonary infections in the returning traveler

Pulmonary infections in the returning traveler

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA dependent RNA polymerase as targets for drug and vaccine development: A review

Article Review: Toll-like Receptors and COVID-19

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