Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction

Omrani, Ali S.; Al‐Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Memish, Ziad A.

doi:10.1080/20477724.2015.1122852

Cited by 142 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…An earlier study in Saudi Arabia by Briese et al [18] showed that the whole genome sequence of viruses obtained from humans and camels were almost identical. It was suggested that the virus is transmitted to humans via direct contact with animals, especially dromedary camels in the Middle East [14,[19][20][21][22]. Human-to-human transmission is usually via direct contact with affected individuals and is higher among household and in healthcare settings [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile

et al. 2018

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been recognized as a highly pathogenic virus to humans that infects the respiratory tract and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies in animal models suggest that MERS-CoV infection induces a strong inflammatory response, which may be related to the severity of disease. Data showing the cytokine profiles in humans during the acute phase of MERS-CoV infection are limited. In this study, we have analyzed the profile of cytokine responses in plasma samples from patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infections (n = 7) compared to healthy controls (n = 13). The cytokine profiles, including T helper (Th) 1, Th2 and Th17 responses, were analyzed using cytometric bead array (CBA). A prominent pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 response was clearly seen in patients with MERS-CoV infection, with markedly increased concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-15 and IL-17 compared to controls. IL-12 expression levels showed no difference between patients with MERS-CoV infection and the healthy controls despite the significantly increased levels of IFN-α2 and IFN-γ (P < .01). No changes were observed in the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TGF-α (P > .05). Our results demonstrate a marked pro-inflammatory cytokine response during the acute phase of MERS-CoV infection in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile

et al. 2018

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“…[1] Such virus makes respiratory disease and leads a high level of mortality. [2] MERS-CoV was known to cause extreme viral pneumonia among individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Perception of Health Practitioners towards MERS-CoV in Hail Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Alshammari¹

2018

AJNR

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Objective: This research determines the level of knowledge and the perceptions of the health practitioners about MERS-CoV to target the needs in addressing the health threat. It also aims to relate the participants' age, gender, civil status and educational attainment between the seriousness, susceptibility and extent of anxiety, efficacy, and self-efficacy, and the intention to carry out the measures. Methods: This research utilized a correlational approach. The participants were the health practitioners in the hospitals of Hail Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 264 health practitioners completed the survey (response rate of 83%) as a result of a convenience sampling. Weighted mean, standard deviation and Chi-square test of independence were used to analyze the data. Results: The health practitioners have high knowledge on MERS-CoV; as an inflammation of the lungs (2.64 ± 0.48); always gives symptoms (2.67± 0.52), and can be prevented by practicing good hygiene (2.62 ±0.64). The MERS-CoV is perceived as a very serious disease (4.24±0.56). Moreover, the susceptibility of MERS-CoV, and extent of anxiety are perceivably contracted in the absence of preventive measures (3.30±1.18), and with no vaccination (2.7±0.90). On efficacy/self-efficacy, the health practitioners are very certain (4.40 ± 0.69) and neutral with their intention to carry out the measures (3.38±0.72). Age (P=0.001), civil status (P=0.026) and educational attainment (P=0.001) yielded significant relationship with the intention to carry-out the measures. Equally, the educational attainment (P=0.031) prove significant to efficacy and self-efficacy. Conclusion: The high level of knowledge and good perception of the health practitioners about MERS-CoV may contribute in anticipating the disease outbreak.

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“…Bat behaviour, including flying long distances, living in large colonies, having social interactions, and cohabitating with different bat species, favour the interspecies or intraspecies transmission of viruses (Calisher et al, 2006). During the last fifteen years, two Beta-CoVs, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, have jumped from bats to a mammalian intermediate host to humans (Field, 2009;Omrani et al, 2015). In addition, strains related to human Alpha-CoVs (HuCoV-229E, HuCoV-NL63) have been detected in bats, indicating the importance of the bat as a CoV reservoir (Pfefferle et al, 2009;Corman et al, 2015;Tao et al, 2017;Waruhiu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full genome characterization of two novel Alpha-coronavirus species from Italian bats

et al. 2019

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A B S T R A C TCoronaviruses (CoVs) have been detected worldwide in several bat species, which are considered the main reservoir. The attention to the high diversity of CoVs hosted by bats has increased during the last decade due to the high number of human infections caused by two zoonotic Beta-CoVs, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, that cause several respiratory diseases. Among coronaviruses, two Alpha-CoV strains (HuCoV-229E and HuCoV-NL63) cause mild respiratory disease that can change to severe disease in children, elderly and individuals affected by illnesses. Phylogenetic analysis conducted on bat Alpha-CoV strains revealed their evolutive correlation to human strains, suggesting their origin in bats. The genome of CoVs is characterized by a high frequency of mutations and recombination events, increasing their ability to switch hosts and their zoonotic potential. In this study, three strains of Alpha-CoV genera detected in Italian bats (Pipistrellus kuhlii) were fully sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and characterized. The complete genome analysis showed the correlation of the Italians strains with a Chinese strain detected in 2013 and, based on CoV molecular species demarcation, two new Alpha-CoV species were established. The analysis of a fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) showed the correlation of the Italian strains with CoVs that was only detected in the bat Pipistrellus genera (Pipistrellus kuhlii and Pipistrellus Pipistrellus) in European countries.

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction

Cited by 142 publications

References 100 publications

MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile

MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile

Knowledge and Perception of Health Practitioners towards MERS-CoV in Hail Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Full genome characterization of two novel Alpha-coronavirus species from Italian bats

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