Middle cerebral artery occlusion methods in rat versus mouse models of transient focal cerebral ischemic stroke

Lee, Seung‐Hoon; Hong, Yonggeun; Lee, Minkyung; Hong, Yunkyung; Won, Jinyoung; Lee, Youngjeon; Kang, Sung-Goo; Chang, Kyu‐Tae

doi:10.4103/1673-5374.131582

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The head of the animals was placed on a porexpan plate to avoid direct contact between the pad and the head. Transient focal ischaemia (60 min) was induced through intraluminal MCAo, following methods described previously (Howells et al, 2010; Lee et al, 2014). All surgeries were performed by one researcher (>2 years’ experience) in the transient intraluminal filament MCAo model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion criteria update for the rat intraluminal ischaemic model for preclinical studies

Fernández-Susavila¹,

Iglesias‐Rey²,

Dopico-López³

et al. 2017

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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Proper occlusion of the medial cerebral artery, as determined by laser Doppler monitoring, during cerebral ischaemia in rat models is an important inclusion criterion in experimental studies. However, successful occlusion of the artery does not always guarantee a reproducible infarct volume, which is crucial for validating the efficacy of new protective drugs. In a rat intraluminal ischaemic model, laser Doppler monitoring alone was compared with laser Doppler monitoring in combination with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Twenty-eight animals showed successful occlusion and reperfusion determined with Doppler monitoring, with an infarct size at 24 h of 16.7±11.5% (determined as ischaemic damage with respect to the ipsilateral hemisphere volume). However, when arterial occlusion and infarct damage were analysed in these animals using MRA and DWI, respectively, 15 animals were excluded and only 13 animals were included, with an infarct size at 24 h of 21.6±6.1%, showing a variability in the infarct size significantly lower (P<0.05, F-test) than that obtained with Doppler monitoring alone. We also observed that blocking of the pterygopalatine artery (a maxillary artery that is usually occluded in the intraluminal ischaemic model) was not relevant for this model, at least in terms of infarct variability. These results show that laser Doppler monitoring is a necessary procedure, but not sufficient to guarantee a reproducible infarct volume, in a rat ischaemic model. Therefore, laser Doppler monitoring in combination with DWI and MRA represents a reliable inclusion protocol during ischaemic surgery for the analysis of new protective drugs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion criteria update for the rat intraluminal ischaemic model for preclinical studies

Fernández-Susavila¹,

Iglesias‐Rey²,

Dopico-López³

et al. 2017

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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“…The cerebral damage in the 60-min transient MCAO model was equal to that of the permanent MCAO model and was less than the damage observed in the 90-min occlusion Moreover, previous studies demonstrated that pMCAO induces moderate neurological impairment, with a mean total mNSS score between 4 and 7 points using the 14-point scale Oron et al, 2006;Boltze et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2015) and 10 points using the 18-point scale (Zhang et al, 2004;Li et al, 2005). Similarly, other studies demonstrated that a 60-min transient MCAO (Lee et al, 2012;Park et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2014) resulted in moderate stroke symptoms, with the mean total mNSS score between 8 and 11 points using the 18-point scale. The area of MCAO-induced cerebral infarction is often confined between the caudoputamen, temporal and occipital lobes, frontoparietal cortex, and a number of subcortical structures, such as the hypothalamus, in rats (Garcia et al, 1995;Kanemitsu et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…However, BDNF alone does have a neuroprotective effect following direct ICV administration (Yamashita et al, 1997), when the BBB is by-passed, or with IV administration in stroke models that have a disrupted BBB. Lee et al (2014) emphasized the importance of the duration of the arterial occlusion to stroke outcomes. They demonstrated that a 60-min transient occlusion produced moderate stroke severity, while a longer period, such as occlusion for 90 min, caused severe neurological deficits in rats (Lee et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al (2014) emphasized the importance of the duration of the arterial occlusion to stroke outcomes. They demonstrated that a 60-min transient occlusion produced moderate stroke severity, while a longer period, such as occlusion for 90 min, caused severe neurological deficits in rats (Lee et al, 2014). It is reasonable, then, to hypothesize that the neurological deficits seen in the 90-min transient MCAO were due to severe brain insults triggered by a longer occlusion as well as injury from the subsequent reperfusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroprotective effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle-bound brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemia in rats

Kamarudin¹,

Iezhitsa²,

Tripathy³

et al. 2020

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are biodegradable carriers that participate in the transport of neuroprotective drugs across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Targeted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) delivery across the BBB could provide neuroprotection in brain injury. We tested the neuroprotective effect of PLGA nanoparticle-bound BDNF in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model of ischemia in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to pMCAO. Four hours after pMCAO, two groups were intravenously treated with BDNF and NP-BDNF, respectively. Functional outcome was assessed at 2 and 24 h after pMCAO, using the modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) and rotarod performance tests. Following functional assessments, rats were euthanized blood was taken to assess levels of the neurobiomarkers neuron-specific enolase and S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100β), and the brain was evaluated to measure the infarct volume. The NP-BDNF-treated group showed significant improvement in mNSS compared with pMCAO and BDNF-treated groups and showed improved rotarod performance. The infarct volume in rats treated with NP-BDNFs was also significantly smaller. These results were further corroborated by correlating differences in estimated NSE and S100β. NP-BDNFs exhibit a significant neuroprotective effect in the pMCAO model of ischemia in rats.

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“…The animal head was placed on a porexpan plate to avoid direct contact between the pad and head. Transient focal ischemia (60 min) was induced by intraluminal occlusion of the MCA, following the method described previously (Howels et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2014). All surgeries were performed by one experienced researcher (>2 years) in the transient intraluminal filament MCAo model.…”

Section: Rat Model Of Cerebral Ischemia and Mr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion Criteria Update of the Intraluminal Ischemic Model in Rat for Preclinical Studies

et al. 2017

Preprint

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A proper occlusion of the medial cerebral artery (MCA) determined by laser Doppler during cerebral ischemia in rat models is an important inclusion criteria in experimental studies. However, a successful occlusion of the artery does not always guarantee a reproducible infarct volume which is critical to validate the efficacy of new protective drugs. In this study, we have compared the variability of infarct size in ischemic animals when the artery occlusion is monitored with laser Doppler alone and in combination with MRI during artery occlusion. Infarct volume determined at 24 hours was compared between animals with laser Doppler monitoring alone and in combination with MR angiography (MRA) and diffusion weighted images (DWI). Twenty-eight animals presented a successful occlusion and reperfusion determined by Doppler monitoring with an infarct size at 24 hours of 16.71±11.58%. However, when artery occlusion and infarct damage were analyzed in these animals by MRA and DWI, 15 animals were excluded and only 13 animals were included based on Doppler and MRI inclusion criteria, with an infarct size of 21.65±6.15% at 24 hours. These results show that laser Doppler monitoring is needed but not enough to guarantee a reproducible infarct volume in rat ischemic model.Summary statementLaser Doppler monitoring in combination with DWI and MR angiography represents a reliable inclusion protocol during ischemic surgery for the analysis of protective drugs in the acute phase of stroke.

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Middle cerebral artery occlusion methods in rat versus mouse models of transient focal cerebral ischemic stroke

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Inclusion criteria update for the rat intraluminal ischaemic model for preclinical studies

Inclusion criteria update for the rat intraluminal ischaemic model for preclinical studies

Neuroprotective effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle-bound brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemia in rats

Inclusion Criteria Update of the Intraluminal Ischemic Model in Rat for Preclinical Studies

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