Middle atmosphere electrical structure, dynamics and coupling

Hale, L. C.

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(84)90283-7

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…At altitude <60 km, the total conductivity is dominated by the ion conductivity, i . The ion conductivity profile is taken from Hale [1984] and Huang et al [1999]. Above 60 km, the electron conductivity e is dominant over the ion conductivity, and can be determined by e = N e q e e where q e is the charge of the electron, N e is the IRI defined electron number density, e is the mobility of the electrons given by e = 1.…”

Section: Conductivity Profile In the Earth-ionosphere Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional finite difference time domain modeling of the diurnal and seasonal variations in Schumann resonance parameters

Yang

Pasko

2006

Radio Science

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[1] The diurnal and seasonal variations of Schumann resonances (SR) have been reported in a number of experiments. In this paper, a three-dimensional FDTD model of the Earth-ionosphere cavity with a day-night asymmetric conductivity profile is employed to study the diurnal and seasonal variability of the power and frequency of the first Schumann resonance (SR) mode. Comparison of the FDTD results and recent experimental measurements shows a clear modulation in the SR power related to the local ionospheric height and global lightning activity. It is found that SR frequencies are not only a function of the local time but also are controlled by the global lightning activity changing with universal time.

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Section: Conductivity Profile In the Earth-ionosphere Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional finite difference time domain modeling of the diurnal and seasonal variations in Schumann resonance parameters

Yang

Pasko

2006

Radio Science

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“…In response to the field increase of a lightning ground flash, the conductive upper atmosphere nullifies the imposed electric field. The local response time is the electrostatic relaxation time (e/a) whose altitude dependence was considered by Hale [ 1984] and by Roussel-Duprd and Gurevich [1996]. This dependence is plotted in Figure 3 for both daytime and nighttime ionospheric conditions at midlatitude [Hale, 1984].…”

Section: Relaxation Time In the Mesospherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The local response time is the electrostatic relaxation time (e/a) whose altitude dependence was considered by Hale [ 1984] and by Roussel-Duprd and Gurevich [1996]. This dependence is plotted in Figure 3 for both daytime and nighttime ionospheric conditions at midlatitude [Hale, 1984]. If the moment change occurs in a time short in comparison with the local relaxation time, the predictions in Figure 2 should be accurate.…”

Section: Relaxation Time In the Mesospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for sprites and elves based on Schumann resonance observations

Huang¹,

Williams²,

Boldi³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

225

279

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“…Hale [1984] summarized multiple rocket -probe measurements of the midlatitude conductivity and showed that the variability between measurements below 30 km altitude was typically of the order of a factor of 2, while at 35 to 40 km, measurements varied by over an order of magnitude owing to a combination of effects such as day and night, temperature, and seasonal variations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%