Midazolam impairs acquisition and retrieval, but not consolidation of reference memory in the Morris water maze

Timić, Tamara; Joksimović, Srđan; Milić, Marija; Divljaković, Jovana; Batinić, Bojan; Savić, Miroslav M.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.014

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The rats took a longer time to find the hidden platform in the latency trial and spent a shorter time in the effective regions in the probe trial after midazolam exposure compared with the controls, indicating that neonatal midazolam exposure induces long-term memory deficits in rodents. These findings are similar to the previous report 22 . However, the rats in the minocycline pretreatment group took less time to find the hidden platform in the latency trial and spent more time in the effective regions in the probe trial compared with midazolam exposure, indicating that minocycline ameliorates the long-term memory deficits in rodents who received midazolam in the early stage of life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The study by Timic et al 22 suggested that midazolam impaired the spatial memory of rats might result from retrograde amnesia, which is the pharmacological property of midazolam. Other studies showed that midazolam-induced excitotoxicity, impaired synaptogenesis, or inhibited long-term potentiation of the hippocampus, which may contribute toward spatial learning and memory dysfunction in adults 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pretreatment with minocycline improves neurogenesis and behavior performance after midazolam exposure in neonatal rats

Giri

Shan

et al. 2018

NeuroReport

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Laboratory studies suggested that general anesthetics induce neuroapoptosis and inhibit neurogenesis in developing brains of animals. Minocycline exerts neuroprotection against a wide range of toxic insults in neurodegenerative diseases models. Here, we investigate whether minocycline can alleviate neurogenetic damage and improve cognition following midazolam exposure in neonatal rats. Postnatal 7 days rats were divided randomly into three groups: control group (C), midazolam group (M), and minocycline pretreatment group (MP). After exposure to midazolam, the cell proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus in pups was analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine immunochemistry at 7 days after the administration of anesthesia. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water-maze test at 35 days after midazolam exposure. Compared with the control, midazolam reduced cell proliferation both in the SVZ and in the SGZ of the hippocampus of neonatal rats, and decreased spatial learning and memory ability of rats in adulthood significantly. Pretreatment with minocycline increased cell proliferation both in the SVZ and in the SGZ of the hippocampus and improved spatial learning and memory ability compared with midazolam, but it did not mitigate the changes to the normal levels compared with the controls. Our results indicated that pretreatment with minocycline can alleviate midazolam-induced damage in neural stem cell proliferation of neonatal rats and improve spatial learning and memory ability of rats in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment with minocycline improves neurogenesis and behavior performance after midazolam exposure in neonatal rats

Giri

Shan

et al. 2018

NeuroReport

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“…Thus, we can estimate their spatial learning ability from their mean escape latency. When mice are used, the standard training period is thought to be 5 days in general [ 1 – 4 ]. However, to our knowledge, there is no clear evidence that they require a 5-day training period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this method is a useful way to evaluate cognitive function, it requires a substantially longer experimental period. Considering the protocols used in recent studies, the standard training period in this test is about five days [ 4 ]. However, this period is not a fixed value and is left to the researcher’s discretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting outcome of Morris water maze test in vascular dementia mouse model with deep learning

et al. 2018

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The Morris water maze test (MWM) is one of the most popular and established behavioral tests to evaluate rodents’ spatial learning ability. The conventional training period is around 5 days, but there is no clear evidence or guidelines about the appropriate duration. In many cases, the final outcome of the MWM seems predicable from previous data and their trend. So, we assumed that if we can predict the final result with high accuracy, the experimental period could be shortened and the burden on testers reduced. An artificial neural network (ANN) is a useful modeling method for datasets that enables us to obtain an accurate mathematical model. Therefore, we constructed an ANN system to estimate the final outcome in MWM from the previously obtained 4 days of data in both normal mice and vascular dementia model mice. Ten-week-old male C57B1/6 mice (wild type, WT) were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (WT-BCAS) or sham-operation (WT-sham). At 6 weeks after surgery, we evaluated their cognitive function with MWM. Mean escape latency was significantly longer in WT-BCAS than in WT-sham. All data were collected and used as training data and test data for the ANN system. We defined a multiple layer perceptron (MLP) as a prediction model using an open source framework for deep learning, Chainer. After a certain number of updates, we compared the predicted values and actual measured values with test data. A significant correlation coefficient was derived form the updated ANN model in both WT-sham and WT-BCAS. Next, we analyzed the predictive capability of human testers with the same datasets. There was no significant difference in the prediction accuracy between human testers and ANN models in both WT-sham and WT-BCAS. In conclusion, deep learning method with ANN could predict the final outcome in MWM from 4 days of data with high predictive accuracy in a vascular dementia model.

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“…Interestingly, Timić et al recently demonstrated the possibility of using these drugs to interfere with retrograde memory in an experimental study [ 3 ]. Previously, Semba et al reported that midazolam (with propofol) provoked retrograde amnesia by increasing serotonergic transmission [ 4 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anesthesia awareness. Can midazolam attenuate or prevent memory consolidation on intraoperative awakening during general anesthesia without increasing the risk of postoperative delirium?

Cascella

2015

Korean J Anesthesiol

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Midazolam impairs acquisition and retrieval, but not consolidation of reference memory in the Morris water maze

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Pretreatment with minocycline improves neurogenesis and behavior performance after midazolam exposure in neonatal rats

Pretreatment with minocycline improves neurogenesis and behavior performance after midazolam exposure in neonatal rats

Predicting outcome of Morris water maze test in vascular dementia mouse model with deep learning

Anesthesia awareness. Can midazolam attenuate or prevent memory consolidation on intraoperative awakening during general anesthesia without increasing the risk of postoperative delirium?

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