Mid-Latitude Ice Sheets through the Last Glacial Cycle : Glaciological and Geological Reconstructions

Thickness evolution of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during the Late Weichselian in Nordfjord, western Norway: evidence from ice-flow modeling

“…Many previously published reconstructions predict a Scandinavian Ice Sheet that continued to rise toward the east of the modern watershed at the LGM (e.g. Oerlemans 1981;Hughes et al 1981;Boulton et al 1985;Boulton & Payne 1994;Huybrechts & T'siobbel 1995;Boulton et al 2001;Siegert et al 2001). Follestad (1990) studied till fabrics and striation patterns in the Nordmøre region of western Norway and deduced ice movement that was independent of the local topography, suggesting an ice surface above all mountain summits.…”

DECOVALEX III BMT3/BENCHPAR WP4: The thermo-hydro-mechanical responses to a glacial cycle and their potential implications for deep geological disposal of nuclear fuel waste in a fractured crystalline rock mass

“…Step 2-ice-sheet loading and basal thermal and hydrological regime A transient thermo-mechanical ice-sheet model [31] coupled with the Earth model of Lambeck et al [32] was driven by the climate function over a prescribed topography of North America with a 15-km resolution. The Laurentide ice-sheet/drainage model computes the ice sheet thickness, the temperature at the base of the ice sheet and the rate of basal melting in time and space.…”

Late Weichselian deglaciation of the Barents Sea and low salinity events in the Norwegian Sea

“…A collapse of a marine-based part of an ice sheet may have occurred as a result of glacioisostatic crustal depression (Jones & Keigwin 1988) and basal thermal instability of an ice sheet (McAyeal 1993;Boulton & Payne 1994). These theories suggest a sequence where the glacier is initially frozen to its bed and expands and thickens causing crustal depression.…”

“…The drawdown (fast ice flow in an ice stream) lowers the profile of the ice sheet and the ice margin retreats close to the coastal zone. This allows isostatic uplift and the cycle is then repeated (McAyeal 1993;Boulton & Payne 1994). The rapid retreat of the ice margin may yield icebergs distributing ice-rafted detritus, which could be recorded in the stratigraphy in association with foraminifera indicating a freshwater pulse (Heinrich events) (Bond et al 1993).…”

“…The surface melting rates of ice sheets were immediately affected by climate change, but the reaction of equally important basal melting rates to warming were delayed up to thousands of years (Whillans 1978). Calving rates were controlled by a complicated system involving subglacial, glaciodynamic and marine boundary conditions and less by direct climatic components (Boulton & Payne 1994). Increased calving and retreat of grounding lines could have been associated with rapid eustatic sea level rise as a result of melting of other ice sheets and the relative sea level rise 340 M. PUNKARI caused by glacio-isostatic crustal depression of the Barents Shelf (Jones & Keigwin 1988).…”