Mid-infrared upconversion based hyperspectral imaging

Junaid, Saher; Tomko, Ján; Semtsiv, M. P.; Kischkat, Jan; Masselink, W. T.; Pedersen, Christian; Tidemand-Lichtenberg, Peter

doi:10.1364/oe.26.002203

Cited by 46 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Nonlinear frequency upconversion provides an alternative route to fast, room-temperature mid-IR spectroscopy and imaging, due to an orders-of-magnitude higher sensitivity and speed compared to direct mid-IR detectors [17,18]. A significant drawback in previous realizations of monochromatic upconversion imaging has been the need for extensive postprocessing to obtain a large field of view (FoV), which has prevented its use for fast 2D data acquisition or real-time video-frame-rate imaging [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video-rate, mid-infrared hyperspectral upconversion imaging

Junaid¹,

Kumar²,

Mathez³

et al. 2019

Optica

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In this work we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, a novel wide field-of-view upconversion system, supporting upconversion of monochromatic mid-infrared (mid-IR) images, e.g., for hyperspectral imaging (HSI). An optical parametric oscillator delivering 20 ps pulses tunable in the 2.3-4 μm range acts as a monochromatic mid-IR illumination source. A standard CCD camera, in synchronism with the crystal rotation of the upconversion system, acquires in only 2.5 ms the upconverted mid-IR images containing 64 kpixels, thereby eliminating the need for postprocessing. This approach is generic in nature and constitutes a major simplification in realizing video-frame-rate mid-IR monochromatic imaging. A second part of this paper includes a proof-of-principle study on esophageal tissues samples, from a tissue microarray, in the 3-4 μm wavelength range. The use of mid-IR HSI for investigation of esophageal cancers is particularly promising as it allows for a much faster and possibly more observer-independent workflow than state-ofthe-art histology. Comparing histologically stained sections evaluated by a pathologist to images obtained by either Fourier transform IR or upconversion HSI based on machine learning shows great promise for further work pointing towards clinical translation using the presented mid-IR HSI upconversion system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video-rate, mid-infrared hyperspectral upconversion imaging

Junaid¹,

Kumar²,

Mathez³

et al. 2019

Optica

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“…The radial wavelength sweep discussed in section 2.2 can be used as a spectrometer by analysing the radial intensity profile of the upconverted light. A spectral resolution in the order of 8 cm -1 was demonstrated in ref 12 at approximately 9 µm using AGS, where the phase matched acceptance bandwidth limit the resolution. In order to increase the spectral coverage, a larger cone of angles is needed in the polychromatic illumination.…”

Section: Upconversion Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 98%

Nonlinear crystals for imaging and detection of mid-IR radiation

Pedersen¹,

Ashik²,

Tidemand-Lichtenberg³

2020

Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits XXII

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The mid-IR wavelength range, i.e. 2-25 µm, houses the vibrational spectra of most gasses and large molecules found in complex structures such as tissue, plastics or food. When designing an upconversion system for imaging or mid-IR detection, several aspects should be considered. Upconversion has several advantageous features which makes it an interesting option to consider for many mid-IR applications. Main advantages include, low-noise detection even at elevated temperatures, an almost instantaneous response time, phase preservation, and the ability to perform upconversion imaging. The χ (2) crystal properties impact the performance of the system significantly. Design aspects related to the choice of crystal as well as different applications is presented.

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“…proustite crystal (Ag3AsS3), were the main choice in the 1970's imaging experiments [20], [25], [27], [121]. Later on several chalcogenide-based crystals were proposed [122] and used for upconversion [100], [123]- [125].…”

Section: Choice Of Nonlinear Crystalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications

Barh¹,

Rodrigo²,

Meng³

et al. 2019

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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This article provides an extensive survey of nonlinear parametric upconversion infrared (IR) imaging, starting from its origin to date. Upconversion imaging is a successful innovative technique for IR imaging in terms of sensitivity, speed, and noise performance. In this approach, the IR image is frequency upconverted to form a visible/near-IR image through parametric three-wave mixing followed by detection using a silicon-based detector or camera. In 1968 (50 years back), J. E. Midwinter first demonstrated upconversion imaging from shortwave-IR (1.6 μm) to visible (484 nm) wavelength using a bulk lithium niobate crystal. This technique quickly gained interest, and several other groups demonstrated upconversion imaging further into the mid-and far-IR with significantly improved quantum efficiency. Although a few excellent reviews on upconversion imaging were published in the early 1970's, the rapid progress in recent years merits an updated comprehensive review. The topic includes linear imaging, nonlinear optics, and laser science, and has shown diverse applications. The scope of this article is to provide an in-depth knowledge of upconversion imaging theory. An overview of different phase matching conditions for the parametric process and the sensitivity of the upconversion detection system are discussed. Furthermore, different design considerations and optimization schemes are outlined for application-specific upconversion imaging. The article comprises a historical perspective of the technique, its most recent technological advances, specific outstanding issues, and some cutting-edge applications of upconversion in IR imaging.

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Mid-infrared upconversion based hyperspectral imaging

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

Video-rate, mid-infrared hyperspectral upconversion imaging

Video-rate, mid-infrared hyperspectral upconversion imaging

Nonlinear crystals for imaging and detection of mid-IR radiation

Parametric upconversion imaging and its applications

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