Mid infrared gas spectroscopy using efficient fiber laser driven photonic chip-based supercontinuum

Grassani, Davide; Tagkoudi, Eirini; Guo, Hairun; Herkommer, Clemens; Yang, Fan; Kippenberg, Tobias J.; Brès, Camille‐Sophie

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09590-3

Cited by 168 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Recent advances have been on nanophotonic integrated waveguides, where lithographically tailorable supercontinuum generation is enabled at low pulse energies [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], in association with diverse photonic regimes such as QPM [40] and mode perturbation [41,42], and have been applied for laser self-referencing [43,44] and offset frequency detection [37,45] for DFG [46], as well as for spectroscopy [41,47]. In particular, Si 3 N 4 waveguides [48], combining a wide transparency with nanophotonic dispersion engineering, have been demonstrated to support mid-IR frequency comb generation based on dispersive wave generation from a femtosecond erbium fiber laser via supercontinuum generation [36,49]. In this way, they provide access to the high-demand mid-IR range by bridging a coherent link with well developed fiber laser technology in the near-infrared (near-IR), amiable for DCS.…”

Section: Nanophotonic Supercontinuum Generation With Supermode Dispermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophotonic supercontinuum-based mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy

Guo¹,

Weng²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Optica

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High resolution and fast detection of molecular vibrational absorption is important for organic synthesis, pharmaceutical processes, and environmental monitoring, and is enabled by mid-infrared (mid-IR) laser frequency combs via dual-comb spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate a novel and highly simplified approach to broadband mid-IR dual-comb spectroscopy via supercontinuum generation, achieved using unprecedented nanophotonic dispersion engineering that allows for ultra-broadband and flat-envelope mid-IR frequency combs. Our mid-IR dual-comb spectrometer has an instantaneous bandwidth covering the functional group region from 2800-3600 cm −1 , comprising more than 100,000 comb lines, enabling parallel gas-phase detection with a high sensitivity, sub-Doppler spectral resolution, and a high speed. In addition to the traditional functional groups, their isotopologues are also resolved in this supercontinuum-based dual-comb spectroscopy. Our approach combines well established fiber laser combs, digital coherent data averaging, and integrated nonlinear photonics, each in itself a state-of-the-art technology, signaling the emergence of mid-IR dual-comb spectroscopy for use outside of the protected laboratory environment.

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Section: Nanophotonic Supercontinuum Generation With Supermode Dispermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophotonic supercontinuum-based mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy

Guo¹,

Weng²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Optica

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“…However, broadband mid-IR comb technology is still maturing and nearly all systems would greatly benefit from increased spectral coverage, lower power operation and improved robustness. Consequently, there has been a consistent push over the past decade to transition mid-IR comb systems or sub-systems to compact and robust chip-scale platforms [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In particular, the small modal area and long propagation lengths of integrated nanophotonic waveguides motivate the development of integrated frequency converters to extend the spectral reach of combs often with negligible power burdens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional integrated photonics in the mid-infrared with suspended AlGaAs on silicon

Chiles¹,

Nader²,

Stanton³

et al. 2019

Optica

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The microscale integration of mid-and longwave-infrared photonics could enable the development of fieldable, robust chemical sensors, as well as highly efficient infrared frequency converters. However, such technology would be defined by the choice of material platform, which immediately determines the strength and types of optical nonlinearities available, the optical transparency window, modal confinement, and physical robustness. In this work, we demonstrate a new platform, suspended AlGaAs waveguides integrated on silicon, providing excellent performance in all of these metrics. We demonstrate low propagation losses within a span of nearly two octaves (1.26 to 4.6 µm) with exemplary performance of 0.45 dB/cm at λ = 2.4 µm. We exploit the high nonlinearity of this platform to demonstrate 1560 nm-pumped second-harmonic generation and octave-spanning supercontinuum reaching out to 2.3 µm with 3.4 pJ pump pulse energy. With mid-IR pumping, we generate supercontinuum spanning from 2.3 to 6.5 µm. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of the platform with mid-infrared passive devices such as low-loss 10 µm-radius bends, compact power splitters with 96 ± 1% efficiency and edge couplers with 3.0 ± 0.1 dB loss. This platform has strong potential for multi-functional integrated photonic systems in the mid-IR. arXiv:1905.01380v1 [physics.app-ph] 3 May 2019 have suitable optical transparency [23], and strong optical nonlinearities are also required for the generation or broadening of frequency combs in the mid-IR [15]. While significant Kerr nonlinearity is present in silicon, germanium and chalcogenide materials, they lack intrinsic second-order optical nonlinearities for highly efficient frequency conversion [6,7,24,25] and electro-optic modulation [26].Alternatively, group III-V materials possess many desirable properties for multi-functional integrated photonic systems including a high refractive index, strong second-and third-order optical nonlinearities, and wide optical transparency windows into the LWIR. A practical advantage of these materials is the ability to grow a chemically selective etch stop underneath a high-quality epitaxial device (donor) film, enabling wafer or chip-bonding film transfer techniques for heterogeneous integration [27,28]. This has enabled high-index-contrast III-V waveguides on other substrates such as oxidized silicon and sapphire [29][30][31][32][33]. However, to take full advantage of the broad transparency window supported by III-V semiconductors, it is necessary to pursue alternative geometries such as air-clad suspended waveguides. But even this approach requires a degree of caution, as most materials readily form surface oxide layers that also introduce absorption. Undercut etching has been used to suspend GaAs waveguides engineered for mid-IR difference frequency generation [34]. While this represents a promising step in the development of nonlinear mid-IR photonics with III-V materials, many issues remain, such as the propagation loss in the mid-IR region, atmospheric stabilit...

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“…Supercontinuum light generated from a photonic crystal fiber was used in a typical single-oscillator multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) step for the measurement of vibrational bands of cyclohexane sample 22 . A photonic-chip based supercontinuum light source was used in the mid-IR gas spectroscopy for the detection of acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) gas 23 . A spatially coherent supercontinuum light source is desirable for high-spatial-resolution imaging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Mid-IR Supercontinuum Generation using Tapered Chalcogenide Step-Index Optical Fiber: Experiment and modelling

Saini

Tuan

Suzuki

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Mid-infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum has increased a lot of scientific and technical interest because of its utility to figure out the molecular fingerprints. Current mid-infrared light sources including quantum cascade lasers, thermal-emitters, and synchrotron radiation are not suitable for various potential applications where we require coherent, portable and broadband light sources. During the current decade, several efforts have been put forwarded to extend the spectral range of the supercontinuum. However, the coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum spectrum in the mid-infrared region has been demonstrated rarely. Here, we demonstrate a coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum using a tapered chalcogenide fiber pumped at various wavelength ranging from 2 µm to 2.6 µm. Experimental observations show that the supercontinuum spectrum extending from ~1.6 µm to 3.7 µm can be achieved using a 3 cm long tapered chalcogenide step-index optical fiber pumped with femtosecond laser pulses at 2.6 µm. To the best of our knowledge, using short pump wavelengths at 2 µm to 2.6 µm in an all-normal dispersion engineered chalcogenide glass fiber, the coherent supercontinuum spectrum has been reported first time. Such coherent broadband light source has its key prominence for the various prospective applications in the fields of bio-medical, sensing, and multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy.

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Mid infrared gas spectroscopy using efficient fiber laser driven photonic chip-based supercontinuum

Cited by 168 publications

References 62 publications

Nanophotonic supercontinuum-based mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy

Nanophotonic supercontinuum-based mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy

Multifunctional integrated photonics in the mid-infrared with suspended AlGaAs on silicon

Coherent Mid-IR Supercontinuum Generation using Tapered Chalcogenide Step-Index Optical Fiber: Experiment and modelling

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