Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy with electro-optic modulators

Yan, Ming; Luo, Pei-Ling; Iwakuni, Kana; Millot, Guy; Hänsch, Theodor W.; Picqué, N.

doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.76

Cited by 169 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, though ultrasensitive absorption DCS for gas‐phase samples has been demonstrated with high‐finesse cavities, hollow‐core fibers, multi‐pass cells, or by using mid‐ and far‐infrared combs directly interrogating fundamental molecular ro‐vibrational transitions, surface‐enhanced DCS, with orders of magnitude sensitivity improvements, has not been previously introduced. Thus, our work highlights new opportunities for the field of DCS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐Enhanced Dual‐Comb Coherent Raman Spectroscopy with Nanoporous Gold Films

Yan

Zhang

Hao

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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With two asynchronous frequency combs beating on a single detector, dual‐comb spectroscopy (DCS) enables rapid, broadband, and precise molecular fingerprinting on a comb tooth‐by‐tooth basis and thus holds much promise in molecular sensing. Sensitivity, however, has been an Achilles’ heel of this technique. Here, an approach for ultrasensitive nonlinear DCS based on plasmon‐enhanced coherent Raman spectroscopy (CRS) with ultrathin (100 nm) nanoporous gold films is presented. A high‐resolution (<8 cm−1) Raman spectrum is obtained within 32.8 µs for characterizing low‐density chemicals. The achieved sensitivity enhancement reaches ≈106–8 relative to nonenhanced dual‐comb CRS of liquid samples. The demonstrated approach may open up a new avenue for fast identification of trace amounts of chemicals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface‐Enhanced Dual‐Comb Coherent Raman Spectroscopy with Nanoporous Gold Films

Yan

Zhang

Hao

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…A birefringent plate in a laser cavity has been harnessed 74 to produce overlapping crossed-polarized pulse trains of a difference in repetition frequencies that depends on the optical thickness of the plate. The two combs of electro--optic--modulator based systems 24,25,75 can share a number of components. With some of these set--ups 75 , the mutual--coherence time exceeds 1 second.…”

Section: Dual--comb Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency comb spectroscopy

2019

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A laser frequency combs is a broad spectrum composed of equidistant narrow lines. Initially invented for frequency metrology, such combs enable new approaches to spectroscopy over broad spectral bandwidths, of particular relevance to molecules. With optical frequency combs, the performance of existing spectrometers, such as Michelson--based Fourier transform interferometers or crossed dispersers, involving e.g. virtual imaging phase array (VIPA) étalons, is dramatically enhanced. Novel types of instruments, such as dual--comb spectrometers, lead to a new class of devices without moving parts for accurate measurements over broad spectral ranges. The direct self-calibration of the frequency scale of the spectra within the accuracy of an atomic clock and the negligible contribution of the instrumental line--shape will enable determinations of all spectral parameters with high accuracy for stringent comparisons with theories in atomic and molecular physics. Chip--scale frequency--comb spectrometers promise integrated devices for real--time sensing in analytical chemistry and biomedicine. This review article gives a summary of advances in the emerging and rapidly advancing field of atomic and molecular broadband spectroscopy with frequency combs. Frequency comb spectroscopy N. Picqué, T. W. Hänsch Preprint version of Nature Photonics 13, 146--157 (2019). /27Frequency comb spectroscopy N. Picqué, T. W. Hänsch Preprint version of Nature Photonics 13, 146--157 (2019). /27 3 assisted precision spectroscopy, frequency comb spectroscopy began to attract the interest of a few research groups 12--20 . Stimulated by a number of intriguing proof--of--principle demonstrations, the field has grown to a hot research topic and, with new research groups constantly getting involved, novel clever and unforeseen applications emerge. Most of the time, frequency comb spectroscopy implies spectroscopy over a broad spectral bandwidth, of particular relevance to molecular spectroscopy.Frequency comb spectroscopy N. Picqué, T. W. Hänsch Preprint version of Nature Photonics 13, 146--157 (2019). /27 4 2. Frequency--comb light sources for spectroscopy. 2.1 General characteristics. Often, a comb is generated by a mode--locked laser system. In the time domain (Fig. 1a), a train of ultrashort pulses is emitted at the output of the cavity. The period of the envelope of the pulses, 1/frep= L/vg , corresponds to the round--trip time inside a laser cavity of round--trip length L and group velocity of the light vg. Due to dispersion inside the cavity, a pulse--to--pulse phase--shift Δφ between the carrier and the envelope of the electric field of the pulses is observed. In the frequency domain, the associated spectrum is composed of a discrete set of evenly spaced narrow lines with frequencies fn that can be written fn= n frep + f0, where n is a large integer, frep is the repetition frequency of the envelope of the pulses and f0 is the carrier--envelope offset frequency, related to the phase--shift Δφ by the relationship f0 = frep Δφ/2π (Fig. 1a). In ...

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“…This has long been considered a future alternative to the well-established Fourier transform spectroscopy technique, 10 with the benefit of dramatic reductions in acquisition times. 9 Although initially confined to the near-infrared, [11][12][13] MHS systems have lately been reported (or proposed) for most wavelengths from the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) 14 through the midinfrared 7,[15][16][17][18] to the terahertz (THz). 8,19 For midinfrared in-field applications, semiconductor laser technologies such as QCLs are of particular interest due to their ability to integrate the dual laser devices monolithically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiheterodyne spectroscopy using interband cascade lasers

et al. 2017

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Abstract. While midinfrared radiation can be used to identify and quantify numerous chemical species, contemporary broadband midinfrared spectroscopic systems are often hindered by large footprints, moving parts, and high power consumption. In this work, we demonstrate multiheterodyne spectroscopy (MHS) using interband cascade lasers, which combines broadband spectral coverage with high spectral resolution and energy-efficient operation. The lasers generate up to 30 mW of continuous-wave optical power while consuming <0.5 W of electrical power. A computational phase and timing correction algorithm is used to obtain kHz linewidths of the multiheterodyne beat notes and up to 30 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. The versatility of the multiheterodyne technique is demonstrated by performing both rapidly swept absorption and dispersion spectroscopic assessments of low-pressure ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) acquired by extracting a single beat note from the multiheterodyne signal, as well as broadband MHS of methane (CH 4 ) acquired with all available beat notes with microsecond temporal resolution and an instantaneous optical bandwidth of ∼240 GHz. The technology shows excellent potential for portable and high-resolution solid-state spectroscopic chemical sensors operating in the midinfrared.

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Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy with electro-optic modulators

Cited by 169 publications

References 42 publications

Surface‐Enhanced Dual‐Comb Coherent Raman Spectroscopy with Nanoporous Gold Films

Surface‐Enhanced Dual‐Comb Coherent Raman Spectroscopy with Nanoporous Gold Films

Frequency comb spectroscopy

Multiheterodyne spectroscopy using interband cascade lasers

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