Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy with an optical parametric oscillator

Zhang, Zhaowei; Gardiner, Tom; Reid, Derryck T.

doi:10.1364/ol.38.003148

Cited by 111 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, to achieve comb-line resolution and high frequency-accuracy, a tight phase-lock of the two comb sources is required [4]. When the comb line resolution is not needed, the requirement of the tight lock is released and a relatively stable operation of two MIR combs can be achieved, e.g., by seeding one optical parametric oscillator (OPO) cavity with two pump lasers [18] or making two OPOs in one cavity [19]. Recently, MIR comb sources other than mode-locked lasers, such as quantum cascade lasers [20] and electro-optically modulated continuous wave lasers [21], have enabled compact dual-comb spectrometers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy using a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator

et al. 2017

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We present a continuous-filtering Vernier spectrometer operating in the 3.15-3.4 µm range, based on a femtosecond doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator, a cavity with a finesse of 340, a grating mounted on a galvo scanner and two photodiodes. The spectrometer allows acquisition of one spectrum spanning 250 nm of bandwidth in 25 ms with 8 GHz resolution, sufficient for resolving molecular lines at atmospheric pressure. An active lock ensures good frequency and intensity stability of the consecutive spectra and enables continuous signal acquisition and efficient averaging. The relative frequency scale is calibrated using a Fabry-Perot etalon or, alternatively, the galvo scanner position signal. We measure spectra of pure CH 4 as well as dry and laboratory air and extract CH 4 and H 2 O concentrations by multiline fitting of model spectra. The figure of merit of the spectrometer is 1.7×10 −9 cm −1 Hz −1/2 per spectral element and the minimum detectable concentration of CH 4 is 360 ppt Hz -1/2 , averaging down to 90 ppt after 16 s.

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confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy using a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator

et al. 2017

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“…However, existing high-performance frequency combs are restricted to the well-controlled optical metrology laboratory while many of these applications require operation in less well-controlled indoor locations or even on mobile platforms. For example, a mobile dual-comb open-air-path spectrometer is an intriguing option for very precise and accurate trace gas sensing [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The advent of a new generation of mobile atomic clocks [16,17] and comb-based free-space optical frequency transfer [18] could permit precise timing networks, tests of relativity, and clock-based geodesy [19,20].…”

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confidence: 99%

Operation of an optically coherent frequency comb outside the metrology lab

et al. 2014

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We demonstrate a self-referenced fiber frequency comb that can operate outside the wellcontrolled optical laboratory. The frequency comb has residual optical linewidths of < 1 Hz, subradian residual optical phase noise, and residual pulse-to-pulse timing jitter of 2.4 -5 fs, when locked to an optical reference. This fully phase-locked frequency comb has been successfully operated in a moving vehicle with 0.5 g peak accelerations and on a shaker table with a sustained 0.5 g rms integrated acceleration, while retaining its optical coherence and 5-fs-level timing jitter. This frequency comb should enable metrological measurements outside the laboratory with the precision and accuracy that are the hallmarks of comb-based systems.Work of the U.S.

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“…In particular, OPOs based on orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs) crystals pumped by Cr:ZnSe or Tm:fiber femtosecond lasers have made it possible to reach wavelengths beyond ~4.8 µm, a barrier for the well-established oxidebased materials [7,8]. Both DFG and OPO sources have been used for MIR optical frequency comb spectroscopy with different detection methods, namely a Fourier transform spectrometer [9-13], a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) [14,15], mode-resolved Vernier spectroscopy [16], and dual comb spectroscopy [17,18]. However, the spectral range of all previous demonstrations was limited to <4.8 µm.…”

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Fourier transform and Vernier spectroscopy using an optical frequency comb at 3–54 μm

et al. 2016

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We present a versatile mid-infrared frequency comb spectroscopy system based on a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator tunable in the 3-5.4 μm range and two detection methods, a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and a Vernier spectrometer. Using the FTS with a multipass cell we measure high-precision broadband absorption spectra of CH4 and NO at ~3.3 μm and ~5.2 μm, respectively, and of atmospheric species (CH4, CO, CO2 and H2O) in air in the signal and idler wavelength range. The figure of merit of the system is on the order of 10 −8 cm −1 Hz −1∕2 per spectral element, and multiline fitting yields minimum detectable concentrations of 10-20 ppb Hz −1∕2 for CH4, NO and CO. For the first time in the mid-infrared, we perform continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy using a low finesse enhancement cavity, a grating and a single detector, and measure the absorption spectrum of CH4 and H2O in ambient air at ~3.3 μm. © 2016 Optical Society of America OCIS codes : (190.4410) Nonlinear optics, (190.7110) Ultrafast nonlinear optics; (190.4970 Optical frequency comb sources in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range (3-12 µm) have large potential for molecular spectroscopy, since the fundamental absorption bands of many species lie in this fingerprint region [1,2]. The maximum achievable wavelength of low repetition rate (<1 GHz) direct comb sources is still limited to <3 µm, and longer wavelengths (>3 µm) can only be reached through nonlinear frequency conversion. Sources based on difference frequency generation (DFG) offer wide wavelength coverage in the MIR, but suffer from poor conversion efficiency [3,4]. Higher average output power is provided by synchronously-pumped optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) [5,6]. In particular, OPOs based on orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs) crystals pumped by Cr:ZnSe or Tm:fiber femtosecond lasers have made it possible to reach wavelengths beyond ~4.8 µm, a barrier for the well-established oxidebased materials [7,8]. Both DFG and OPO sources have been used for MIR optical frequency comb spectroscopy with different detection methods, namely a Fourier transform spectrometer [9-13], a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) [14,15], mode-resolved Vernier spectroscopy [16], and dual comb spectroscopy [17,18]. However, the spectral range of all previous demonstrations was limited to <4.8 µm.Here we report a versatile optical frequency comb spectroscopy system based on a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (DROPO) with an OP-GaAs crystal operating in the 3-5.4 µm wavelength range. The system incorporates two detection methods, a fast-scanning Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) in combination with a multipass cell, and a continuous-filtering Vernier spectrometer. The FTS provides ultra-broadband spectral coverage, absolute frequency calibration and high precision in the absorption measurement. We demonstrate this by acquiring absorption spectra of CH4, NO, and ambient air in the signal and idler ranges and comparing the results to the theoretical mod...

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Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy with an optical parametric oscillator

Cited by 111 publications

References 13 publications

Mid-infrared continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy using a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator

Mid-infrared continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy using a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator

Operation of an optically coherent frequency comb outside the metrology lab

Fourier transform and Vernier spectroscopy using an optical frequency comb at 3–54 μm

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