Mid-infrared detector development for the Origins Space Telescope

Roellig, Thomas L.; McMurtry, Craig W.; Greene, Thomas P.; Matsuo, Taro; Sakon, Itsuki; Staguhn, Johannes

doi:10.1117/1.jatis.6.4.041503

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The MISC-T's baseline employs two types of detectors: (1) HgCdTe that is bonded to a Si readout multiplexer, and (2) Si Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) design that is bonded to a Si readout multiplexer. 8 Each of the MISC-T-S and T-M optical paths contains a 2 k × 2 k HgCdTe detector array operated at 30 K, and the MISC-T TTS employs a 256 × 256 HgCdTe detector array operated at ∼30 K. HgCdTe detectors developed for the Near Earth Object Survey Mission (NEOSM) have successfully demonstrated performance out to 10 μm. 9 The MISC-T-L optical path contains a 2 k × 2 k Si:As detector array bonded to a Si readout multiplexer operating at ∼8 K to provide good detective quantum efficiency over the 10.5 to 20 μm wavelength range.…”

Section: Misc-t Detectors and Read-out Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detector development work needed for the MISC WFI comprises a modest factor of two increase in the detector dimension format for the WFI module. 8 Amplification of the signals from the detectors is a straightforward reuse of similar technology from previous space applications of Si:As BIB detectors such as Spitzer, JWST, and WISE, and will employ dedicated satellite chips that are located in close proximity to the detectors and also operate at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: Misc Wfi Detectors and Read-out Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-infrared spectrometer and camera for the Origins Space Telescope

Sakon

Roellig

Ennico-Smith

et al. 2021

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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The mid-infrared spectrometer and camera transit spectrometer (MISC-T) is one of the three baseline instruments for Origins Space Telescope (Origins) and provides the capability to assess the habitability of nearby exoplanets and search for signs of life. MISC-T employs a densified pupil optical design, and HgCdTe and Si:As detector arrays. This optical design allows the instrument to be relatively insensitive to minor line-of-sight pointing drifts and telescope aberrations, and the detectors do not require a sub-Kelvin refrigerator. MISC-T has three science spectral channels that share the same field-of-view by means of beam splitters, and all channels are operated simultaneously to cover the full spectral range from 2.8 to 20 μm at once with exquisite stability and precision (<5 ppm between 2.8 to 11 μm, <20 ppm between 11 and 20 μm). A Lyot-coronagraph-based tip-tilt sensor located in the instrument fore-optics uses the light reflected by a field stop, which corresponds to 0.3% of the light from the target, to send fine pointing information to the field steering mirror in the Origins telescope. An additional MISC Wide Field Imager (WFI) is studied as an upscope option for the Origins. MISC-WFI offers a wide field imaging (3 0 × 3 0) and low-resolution spectroscopic capability with filters and gratingprisms (grisms) covering 5 to 28 μm. The imaging capability of the MISC-WFI will be used for general science objectives. The low-resolution spectroscopic capability in MISC-WFI with a resolving power R (¼ λ∕Δλ) of a few hundreds will be used to measure the mid-infrared dust features and ionic lines at z up to ∼1 in the Origins mission's Rise of Metals and Black Hole

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Section: Misc-t Detectors and Read-out Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Misc Wfi Detectors and Read-out Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared spectrometer and camera for the Origins Space Telescope

Sakon

Roellig

Ennico-Smith

et al. 2021

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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“…Control and analysis of electromagnetic signals spanning the full spectrum from radio waves to x-rays governs technological progress in areas ranging from information processing, telecommunication networks, material characterization, spectroscopy, and imaging to remote sensing. The mid- and far-infrared (IR) frequency range, from a few to 100 THz, finds applications such as in homeland security, molecular analysis of gases, chemicals and biological tissues ( 1 ), thermal imaging and nondestructive material inspection ( 2 ), and astronomical surveys ( 3 ). However, IR detection technologies ( 4 ) do not rival with visible and near-infrared (VIS/NIR) detectors in terms of sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and integration, motivating new approaches to perform IR spectroscopy with VIS/NIR detectors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Continuous-wave frequency upconversion with a molecular optomechanical nanocavity

Chen

Roelli

et al. 2021

Science

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Optomechanical upconversion Molecules have rich signatures in their spectra at infrared wavelengths and are typically accessed with dedicated spectroscopic instrumentation. Chen et al . and Xomalis et al . report optomechanical frequency upconversion from the mid-infrared to the visible domain using molecular vibrations coupled to a plasmonic nanocavity at ambient conditions (see the Perspective by Gordon). Using different nanoantenna designs, one with a nanoparticle-on-resonator and the other with nanoparticle-in-groove, both approaches show the ability to upconvert the mid-infrared vibrations of the molecules in the nanocavity to visible light wavelengths. The effect could be used to simplify infrared spectroscopy, possibly with single-molecule sensitivity. —ISO

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“…Figure A.3 shows an expected behaviour. Since both noise sources are independent of each other, there exists an absolute upper limit for the acceptable level of both terms (see TableA.4).We note that while meeting the requirement for the thermal background temperature of the detector does not appear too challenging, the requirements on the dark current seem to be at least one order of magnitude more stringent than what has been achieved so far for both Si:As IBC detector arrays and mid-infrared MCT devices (e.g.,Rieke et al 2015;Cabrera et al 2019;Roellig et al 2020;Gáspár et al 2020). The challenges related to MIR detector technology (and availability) has already been discussed in LIFE paper I(Quanz et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): II. Signal simulation, signal extraction and fundamental exoplanet parameters from single epoch observations

Dannert,

Ottiger,

Quanz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Context. The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) initiative is developing the science and a technology roadmap for an ambitious space mission featuring a space-based mid-infrared (MIR) nulling interferometer in order to detect the thermal emission of hundreds of exoplanets and characterize their atmospheres. Aims. In order to quantify the science potential of such a mission, in particular in the context of technical trade-offs, an instrument simulator is required. In addition, signal extraction algorithms are needed to verify that exoplanet properties (e.g., angular separation, spectral flux) contained in simulated exoplanet datasets can be accurately retrieved. Methods. We present LIFEsim, a software tool developed for simulating observations of exoplanetary systems with an MIR spacebased nulling interferometer. It includes astrophysical noise sources (i.e., stellar leakage and thermal emission from local zodiacal and exo-zodiacal dust) and offers the flexibility to include instrumental noise terms in the future. Here, we provide some first quantitative limits on instrumental effects that would allow the measurements to remain in the fundamental noise limited regime. We demonstrate updated signal extraction approaches to validate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimates from the simulator. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to generate a mock survey of nearby terrestrial exoplanets and determine to which accuracy fundamental planet properties can be retrieved.Results. LIFEsim provides an accessible way for predicting the expected SNR of future observations as a function of various key instrument and target parameters. The SNRs of the extracted spectra are photon-noise dominated, as expected from our current simulations. Signals from multi-planet systems can be reliably extracted. From single epoch observations in our mock survey of small (R < 1.5R Earth ) planets orbiting within the habitable zones of their stars, we find that typical uncertainties in the estimated effective temperature of the exoplanets are 10%, for the exoplanet radius 20%, and for the separation from the host star 2%. SNR values obtained in the signal extraction process deviate less than 10% from purely photon-counting statistics based SNRs. Conclusions. LIFEsim has been sufficiently well validated so that it can be shared with a broader community interested in quantifying various exoplanet science cases that a future space-based MIR nulling interferometer could address. Reliable signal extraction algorithms exist and our results underline the power of the MIR wavelength range for deriving fundamental exoplanet properties from single-epoch observations.

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Mid-infrared detector development for the Origins Space Telescope

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Mid-infrared spectrometer and camera for the Origins Space Telescope

Mid-infrared spectrometer and camera for the Origins Space Telescope

Continuous-wave frequency upconversion with a molecular optomechanical nanocavity

Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): II. Signal simulation, signal extraction and fundamental exoplanet parameters from single epoch observations

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