Mid-Holocene Dates for Organic-Rich Sediment, Palustrine Shell, and Charcoal from Southern Iraq

Hritz, Carrie; Pournelle, Jennifer; Smith, Jennifer; Albadran, Badir N.; Issa, Bushra Majeed; Al-Handal, Adil Y.

doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.v54i1.12362

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Together with the ceramic evidence (Hansen 1965;Hansen and Dales 1962;Wilson 1986) as well as the few cuneiform tablets recovered from these levels (Buccellati and Biggs 1969), the radiocarbon sample from Fara confirms the ED I/II date of the context. Moreover, it corresponds closely to the single radiocarbon measurement performed on a sample from pre-Ur-Nanshe levels at Tello/Girsu (Hritz et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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New Radiocarbon Dates From Southern Mesopotamia (Fara and Ur)

Wencel¹

2018

Iraq

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This article reports three new radiocarbon dates from the Iraqi sites of Tell Fara (Shuruppak) and Tell Muqayyar (Ur), produced as a part of a larger dating project on the absolute chronology of Southern Mesopotamia from the Uruk period until the Akkadian era. The radiocarbon results presented here offer good absolute time estimates for the ED I/II period at Fara and the most reliable absolute age so far for the important archaeological find that is the earliest graves in the Royal Cemetery of Ur.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…2) is painfully apparent. This project builds on and contributes to the work of other researchers working to update and expand the database of radiocarbon dates for Southern Mesopotamia (Hritz et al 2012;van Ess 2013;van Ess and Heußner 2015;Wright and Rupley 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Radiocarbon Dates From Southern Mesopotamia (Fara and Ur)

Wencel¹

2018

Iraq

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“…also did not apply this correction when they radiocarbon dated shell samples from paleochannel sequences in southern Mesopotamia. Hritz, Pournelle, and Smith (2012) and demonstrate good matching between shell radiocarbon ages and associated archaeological sites.…”

Section: Radiocarbon Datingmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Radiocarbon dating of shell can yield erroneous ages due to the "hard-water" effect (Xu et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2015). However, Hritz, Pournelle, and Smith (2012) did not apply the hard-water effect correction when they dated shell samples from southern Mesopotamia as the shell samples were from freshwater environments and limestone outcrops were far from sample locations. also did not apply this correction when they radiocarbon dated shell samples from paleochannel sequences in southern Mesopotamia.…”

Section: Radiocarbon Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene Avulsions of the Euphrates River in the Najaf Area of Western Mesopotamia: Impacts on Human Settlement Patterns

2016

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We present a study that reconstructs the ancient courses of the Euphrates in part of the Mesopotamian floodplain west and southwest of the ancient site of Babylon. The focus is on tracing paleochannel courses, determining when these paleochannels were active, and understanding the patterns of avulsion. The research was carried out using a combination of geological, geomorphological, remote sensing, historical, and archaeological approaches. Fieldwork included “ground truthing” of the remote sensing work, manually drilling boreholes (up to 7 m in depth), sedimentary and geomorphological documentation and sample collection for radiocarbon dating. As a result, five main courses of the Euphrates in five different periods have been mapped in this area, including four previously unidentified and/or unlocated migrations that linked the different periods. The main courses are the Purattum Course (before 3100–1000 BC), the Arahtum Course (1000–125 BC), the Sura Course (125 BC to AD 1258), the Hilla Course (13th to 19th century AD), and the Hindiya Course (19th to 20th century AD). There has been an overall migration of the main channel from east to west across the study area over time. The location of avulsion nodes changed along the length of the river, mainly downstream over time, but with a cluster of avulsion events near Babylon and a notable man‐made interference in the 20th century at the Hindiya Barrage.

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“…; Huh 2008: 105ff. ; Hritz et al 2012). Given the incomplete information about the context, it is not possible to determine how this date corresponds to the Nippur sequence.…”

Section: Radiocarbon Dates and Model Specificationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Radiocarbon Dating of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia: Results, Limitations, and Prospects

Wencel

2016

Radiocarbon

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This paper describes the results of Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon dates from Early Bronze Age contexts in Southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq. The model uses 14C dates available in the literature, employing archaeological and textual information to correlate contexts from a number of important Mesopotamian sites. The insufficient number of dates makes it impossible to precisely define the chronology of the period in question; however, the analysis allows for observing patterns of cultural change otherwise invisible in archaeological and textual records. Firstly, it is suggested that there was a hiatus of at least a century between the latest protocuneiform texts and the earliest historical writing. Furthermore, the results seem to argue against a steady, gradual evolution of literate civilizations, indicating a more complex and varied process of development.

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Mid-Holocene Dates for Organic-Rich Sediment, Palustrine Shell, and Charcoal from Southern Iraq

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

New Radiocarbon Dates From Southern Mesopotamia (Fara and Ur)

New Radiocarbon Dates From Southern Mesopotamia (Fara and Ur)

Holocene Avulsions of the Euphrates River in the Najaf Area of Western Mesopotamia: Impacts on Human Settlement Patterns

Radiocarbon Dating of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia: Results, Limitations, and Prospects

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