Mid-estrus uterine blood flow in endometritic and non-endometritic dairy cows using transrectal Doppler ultrasonography

Sharma, Akshay; Singh, Madhumeet; Kumar, Pragya; Sharma, Isha; Rana, Anchal

doi:10.1080/09291016.2019.1613792

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A lower RI indicates higher perfusion to the particular organ, whereas higher PI is indicative of decreased perfusion to distal tissues (Varughese, Brar, & Dhindsa, ). Sharma et al () reported low PI and RI during inflammation of uterus as compared to oestrus which is in concurrence to our findings. In women, Tinkanen and Kunjansuu () revealed that hyperaemia in pelvic organs occurs due to bacterial infection led to an increase in uterine blood flow with low PI and RI values in the uterine artery.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A negative correlation between RI and velocity and volume of blood flow was reported by Sharma et al (). Similarly, TAMEAN and TAMAX were having an inverse relationship with RI and PI (Bollwein, Baumgartner, & Stolla, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Forty Jersey cows ( n = 40) reared in a loose housing system were enrolled for quantitative analysis of blood flow through MUA. The MUA, a branch originating from internal iliac artery, is located cranial to the external iliac artery, can be found in the mesometrium as a movable arterial vessel and easily visualized by the colour Doppler technique (Sharma et al, ). Doppler examination was performed using Mindray portable ultrasound device (Z5 VET) in pulsed‐wave mode using a 7.5‐MHz linear probe with a power of 50%, filter of 100 Hz and Doppler angle varying between 20° and 60°.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transrectal Doppler ultrasonography has been used extensively for research on hemodynamics of middle uterine artery (MUA), follicle and corpus luteum (Ginther, ). This technique can be helpful in assessment of uterine blood flow during oestrus, clinical endometritis, abortion and retention of placenta (Panarace, Garnil, et al, ; Panarace, Jauregui, et al, ; Sharma, Singh, Kumar, Sharma, & Rana, ). Nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator, released during endometrial inflammation leads to vasodilation of uterine arteries and, subsequently, increased velocity and volume of blood flow (Rosselli, Keller, & Dubey, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator, released during endometrial inflammation leads to vasodilation of uterine arteries and, subsequently, increased velocity and volume of blood flow (Rosselli, Keller, & Dubey, ). As vasodilation of artery is one of the most evident characteristics of all inflammatory processes, it can be useful in assessing the degree of inflammation (Debertolis et al, ; Sharma et al, ). A higher level of oestrogen in blood also alters the velocity and volume of blood flow during inflammatory state of uterus (Debertolis et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow at mid‐oestrus during different degree of clinical endometritis in dairy cows

Sharma

Singh

Abrol

et al. 2019

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The present study was aimed at analysing the mid‐oestrous uterine blood flow parameters during varying degree of endometritis in dairy cows. Degree of clinical endometritis was adjudged on the basis of visual examination of uterine discharge collected from cows at mid‐oestrus, that is mild (slightly turbid; n = 13), moderate (turbid with pus flakes; n = 14) and severe (milky; n = 13). Pulsatility and resistance indices (PI and RI), time average mean velocity (TAMEAN), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), diameter of the artery, volume of blood flow, Doppler pulse duration (DPD) and systolic upstroke/acceleration time (AT) were measured to study the spectral waveforms at mid‐oestrus. Significantly higher (p < .01) PI and RI were found in cows diagnosed with mild degree in comparison with cows diagnosed with moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis. There was significantly higher (p < .01) velocity (TAMEAN and TAMAX), volume of blood flow (BFV‐TAMEAN, BFV‐TAMAX) and DPD in both the middle uterine arteries during moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis as compared to mild endometritis. However, significantly higher (p < .01) AT was recorded in cows diagnosed with mild degree as compared to moderate and severe degrees of clinical endometritis. Pearson's correlation analysis has shown that RI was positively correlated with PI and AT in all the groups under study (mild degree, r = .72 and .49; moderate degree, r = .54 and .38; severe degree, r = .90 and .42; p < .05). However, there found significantly negative correlation (p < .05) with other parameters in all the cows irrespective of degree of inflammation. Therefore, it may be deducted that assessment of uterine inflammation can be done with a non‐invasive technique known as Doppler sonography which can be useful in adjudging the hemodynamic changes inside uterus and future fertility of dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow at mid‐oestrus during different degree of clinical endometritis in dairy cows

Sharma

Singh

Abrol

et al. 2019

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Research on Bovine Endometritis: Current Insights and Future Directions – A Review

Singh

2023

ijar

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The post-partum reproductive performance of cows is identified as a pivotal factor influencing the success or failure of the dairy industry. Achieving timely uterine involution, complete endometrial regeneration, and the resumption of ovarian cyclic activity are crucial for conception within the desired timeframe. However, uterine contamination with pathogens during parturition remains an unavoidable challenge, leading to suboptimal productivity and fertility. Metritis and clinical endometritis are recognized post-partum conditions, while sub-clinical endometritis has emerged as a significant threat to achieving desired fertility in dairy cows. This review summarizes a comprehensive assessment of factors contributing to delayed clearance and persistence of uterine infections in dairy cows, particularly sub-clinical endometritis (SCE). Diagnostic techniques, including bacterial culture, the Whiteside test, endometrial cytology, and trans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS), are discussed, each with advantages and limitations.The paper explores the association between SCE and various risk factors, such as negative energy balance (NEB), metabolic indicators, and hormonal changes during the post-partum period. The significance of parameters like body condition score (BCS), backfat thickness (BFT), and metabolic indicators (leptin, NEFA, BHBA) in assessing energy status and predicting reproductive efficiency is highlighted.In addition, the underexplored area of fungal infections in dairy cows’ uteri, emphasizing fungi’s opportunistic nature and their potential to cause reproductive failure has also been reviewed. The immune system’s role in uterine defense against fungal infections and the diagnostic challenges, including mycological cultures and cytological examinations, the therapeutic challenges, and the poor prognosis associated with fungal endometritis have also been discussed.

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Analyzing the correlation between uterine involution and blood flow in post-partum dairy cows

Sharma

Singh

2021

Indian J of Anim Sci

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The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of trans-rectal color Doppler ultrasonography for quantification of uterine blood flow in 30 healthy lactating Jersey cows on a weekly interval from days 0 to 56 after parturition (day 0). Significantly higher time average mean velocity (TAMEAN), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX) and blood flow volume (BFV-TAMEAN and BFV-TAMAX) in artery ipsilateral to previous gravid uterine horn (PGUH) was found as compared to contralateral middle uterine artery (MUA) on day 0 to 14 postpartum. Similarly, transverse diameter (D) of ipsilateral MUA was significantly higher as compared to contralateral MUA during first two weeks after parturition. Clinical uterine involution completed on day 32.47±0.85 postpartum as demonstrated by B-mode ultrasonography and a significant correlation (r= 0.31–0.44 from day 7–28) between size of PGUH and BFV-TAMAX was found. Also, significant correlation between transverse diameter of ipsilateral (r=0.56–0.80) and contralateral (r=0.51–0.79) MUA-D and BFV-TAMAX was found on different examination days. In conclusion, trans-rectal Doppler ultrasonography was a useful tool to investigate haemodynamic changes whereas PI, RI, Doppler pulse duration and systolic upstroke time were found unsuitable to indagate alterations in uterine perfusion during post-partum period.

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Mid-estrus uterine blood flow in endometritic and non-endometritic dairy cows using transrectal Doppler ultrasonography

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow at mid‐oestrus during different degree of clinical endometritis in dairy cows

Doppler sonography of uterine blood flow at mid‐oestrus during different degree of clinical endometritis in dairy cows

Research on Bovine Endometritis: Current Insights and Future Directions – A Review

Analyzing the correlation between uterine involution and blood flow in post-partum dairy cows

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