Mid- and Low-Latitude Ionospheric D Region Remote Sensing by Radio Atmospherics—Part I: Forward Modeling and Field Measurement Validations

Han, Feng; Liang, Bingyang; Li, Jiawen; Liu, Feifan; Lu, Gaopeng; Liu, Qing

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2943433

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The vector E is solved by using the recurrence relation in Equation (5). First, each element of the matrix L and U is separately calculated with multithreading after n steps by employing an array of n 2 processors.…”

Section: Fem and Relative Permittivity Tensor For The Ionospherementioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Int J Numerical Modelling

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In this paper, the coupled‐mode theory is incorporated into the improved frequency‐domain finite element method (FEM) to simulate very low frequency (VLF) propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. The matrix equation of the electric field is solved using parallel lower‐upper factorization technique to speed up the calculation. The method used to determine the propagation constants for different propagable modes is given. After the FEM is validated by comparing simulated results with the measured data, effects of variable geomagnetic information on the attenuation rate, relative phase velocity, mode coupling, and multiple‐mode interference of VLF electromagnetic wave in the anisotropic waveguide are investigated. This work provides an efficient way for improving the prediction accuracy of the VLF communication, positioning, navigation, and timing systems.

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Section: Fem and Relative Permittivity Tensor For The Ionospherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very low frequency (VLF: 3–30 kHz) 1–5 has been widely applied in communication, 6 ionosphere detection, 7 as well as positioning, navigation, and timing systems 8 . Typical VLF ultra‐long‐range navigation systems, such as Omega and Alpha, provide global coverage, 9 whereas their cost of maintenance is very high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Int J Numerical Modelling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Very low frequency (VLF: 3-30 kHz) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] electromagnetic waves have been widely applied in the navigation, underwater communication, earthquake, and ionosphere detection, and so forth. The Omega and Alpha are common VLF ultra-long range navigation broadcasts that provide navigational aid for aviation, oceanic air, and marine shipping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element method study on VLF propagation in the fine Earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Liu,

Baraya,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Int J Numerical Modelling

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A fast and highly efficient frequency‐domain finite element method (FEM) is developed to simulate propagation characteristics of very low frequency (VLF) waves in the fine Earth‐ionosphere waveguide structure containing the transition period between day and night. The FEM is accelerated by embedding the GPU‐based parallel LU factorization method. We present an approach for determining the waveguide structure with the VLF transmitter and receiver locations. After validating the method, effects of the time‐ and location‐varying electric density on the amplitude and phase of the VLF wave are investigated. The electric density of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is revised by coupling with the solar zenith angle. Numerical results simulated using the revised IRI model show excellent agreement with the measured data for the VLF wave from Novosibirsk to Qingdao. This work provides a promising way to research VLF electromagnetic properties of the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide and improve the prediction accuracy of VLF navigation and communication.

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Inversion of the Electron Density in the Lower Ionosphere Using Artificial Intelligence

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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Mid- and Low-Latitude Ionospheric D Region Remote Sensing by Radio Atmospherics—Part I: Forward Modeling and Field Measurement Validations

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Finite element method study on VLF propagation in the fine Earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Inversion of the Electron Density in the Lower Ionosphere Using Artificial Intelligence

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