Microworlds for experimental research: Having your (control and collection) cake, and realism too

DiFonzo, Nicholas; Hantula, Donald A.; Bordia, Prashant

doi:10.3758/bf03200656

Cited by 80 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…A high level of detail, produced by a realistic rendering of objects within the simulation, may benefit learners by making a phenomenon concrete and by increasing the similarity between the simulation and real-world situations (DiFonzo, Hantula, & Bordia, 1998). In fact, most research in virtual reality has as an explicit goal the realistic mimicking of real-world phenomena (Grady, 1998;Heim, 2000).…”

Section: Perceptual Richness In Computer Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transfer of abstract principles governing complex adaptive systems

Goldstone

Sakamoto

2003

Cognitive Psychology

250

217

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Section: Perceptual Richness In Computer Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transfer of abstract principles governing complex adaptive systems

Goldstone

Sakamoto

2003

Cognitive Psychology

250

217

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“…Future research would be well served to take advantage of more efficient means of data collection and schedule presentation (i.e., use of computerized protocols, etc.). It has been argued that the use of more sophisticated, computer-based simulations enhances the realism of laboratorybased experimental procedures, and consequently, the external validity and generalizability of the research (e.g., DiFonzo, Hantula, & Bordia, 1998). It is important to note, however, that procedures similar to the ones used in the present experiment have been successfully used to characterize other clinically meaningful behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of Methylphenidate on Sensitivity to Reinforcement in Children Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Application of the Matching Law

Murray

Kollins

2000

J of App Behav Analysis

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The behavior of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been hypothesized to be the result of decreased sensitivity to consequences compared to typical children. The present study examined sensitivity to reinforcement in 2 boys diagnosed with ADHD using the matching law to provide more precise and quantitative measurement of this construct. This experiment also evaluated the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on sensitivity to reinforcement of children with ADHD. Subjects completed math problems to earn tokens under four different variable-interval (VI) schedules of reinforcement presented in random order under both medicated and nonmedicated conditions. Results showed that, in the medicated condition, the matching functions for both subjects resulted in higher asymptotic values, indicating an overall elevation of behavior rate under these conditions. The variance accounted for by the matching law was also higher under the medicated conditions, suggesting that their behavior more closely tracked the changing rates of reinforcement while taking MPH compared to placebo. Under medicated conditions, the reinforcing efficacy of response-contingent tokens decreased. Results are discussed with respect to quantifying behavioral changes and the extent to which the drug interacts with prevailing contingencies (i.e., schedule values) to influence behavioral variability.DESCRIPTORS: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, methylphenidate, sensitivity to reinforcement, matching law Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diThis work was completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in the Department of Psychology at Western Michigan University. Portions of this work were presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy (Washington, D.C., November, 1998) and at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis (Chicago, May, 1999). We thank the following people, without whose help the project would not have been possible: Wayne Fuqua, Alan Poling, Tom Critchfield, Scott Musial, and the families who participated in the project.Correspondence regarding this article should be directed to Scott H. Kollins, Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3431, Durham, North Carolina 27710. agnosed behavior disorders among preadolescent children in the United States (American Psychiatric Association, 1994;Barkley, 1997), and questions regarding its etiology, symptom variation, and course have generated a vast literature. In efforts to understand ADHD, researchers have attempted to explain the behavioral symptoms using various theoretical models. Barkley (1990Barkley ( , 1997) offers a comprehensive theoretical account of ADHD behavior that implicates the construct of behavioral inhibition as the major impairment associated with observed behavioral problems. This model suggests that a behavioral inhibition system controls how children consider

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“…they cannot spawn). For every fish left at the end of one season, two fish will be available to be caught in the next season because the ocean can support only so .m"' om",,,"" f"lS,n, ,irnh,e" [uDr,al""< real-world conditions (DiFonzo et al, 1998). FISH 3 recreates in the laboratory the situation faced by real fishers as they choose how much ofa fish stock to harvest.…”

confidence: 99%

FISH 3: A microworld for studying social dilemmas and resource management

Gifford

2000

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Microworlds for experimental research: Having your (control and collection) cake, and realism too

Cited by 80 publications

References 52 publications

The transfer of abstract principles governing complex adaptive systems

The transfer of abstract principles governing complex adaptive systems

Effects of Methylphenidate on Sensitivity to Reinforcement in Children Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Application of the Matching Law

FISH 3: A microworld for studying social dilemmas and resource management

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