Microwell Array Based Opto‐Electrochemical Detections Revealing Co‐Adaptation of Rheological Properties and Oxygen Metabolism in Budding Yeast

Abstract

Microdevices composed of microwell arrays integrating nanoelectrodes (OptoElecWell) are developed to achieve dual high‐resolution optical and electrochemical detections on single Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. Each array consists of 1.6 × 105 microwells measuring 8 µm in diameter and 5 µm height, with a platinum nanoring electrode for in situ electrochemistry, all integrated on a transparent thin wafer for further high‐resolution live‐cell imaging. After optimizing the filling rate, 32% of cells are effectively trapped within microwells. This allows to analyse S. cerevisiae metabolism associated with basal respiration while simultaneously measuring optically other cellular parameters. In this study, the impact of glucose concentration on respiration and intracellular rheology is focused. It is found that while the oxygen uptake rate decreases with increasing glucose concentration, diffusion of tracer nanoparticles increases. The OptoElecWell‐based respiration methodology provides similar results compared to the commercial gold‐standard Seahorse XF analyzer, while using 20 times fewer biological samples, paving the way to achieve single cell metabolomics. In addition, it facilitates an optical route to monitor the contents within single cells. The proposed device, in combination with the dual detection analysis, opens up new avenues for measuring cellular metabolism, and relating it to cellular physiological indicators at single cell level.