Microwave-Vacuum Drying of Pharmaceutical Powders

McLoughlin, Conor; McMinn, W.A.M.; Magee, T.R.A.

doi:10.1081/drt-120025505

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Previous work by McLoughlin, McMinn, and Magee (2002, 2003a, 2003b involved extensive experimental examination of the drying characteristics of powders subjected to convective, microwave and combined microwave-convective and microwave-vacuum drying. Using the acquired data, the aim of this work is to determine the mass transfer characteristics (moisture diffusivity and moisture transfer coefficient) of selected systems using the Bi-G correlation (Dincer & Hussain, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of moisture transfer parameters for microwave drying of lactose powder using Bi–G drying correlation

McMinn

2004

Food Research International

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of moisture transfer parameters for microwave drying of lactose powder using Bi–G drying correlation

McMinn

2004

Food Research International

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“…Some advantages of spray drying include the ability to quickly produce a dry powder (e.g., compared to lyophilization) and the ability to control the particle size distribution. Some examples of the limitations of spray drying include the efficient particle collection and the potential instability of materials sensitive to high temperatures (McLoughlin et al, 2003). Even so, a growing number of studies have confirmed the promise of spray drying to produce dried biopharmaceuticals (Samborska et al, 2005;Namaldi et al, 2006;Sivaramakrishnan et al, 2006;Kurozawa et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drying of enzymes has commonly been carried out by spray drying and freeze-drying (Çakaloz et al, 1997;Maa et al, 1998;Heller, 1999;McLoughlin et al, 2003;Samborska et al, 2005;Kudra, 2008;Santos and Silva, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying of α-amylase by spray drying and freeze-drying - a comparative study

Jesus

Filho

2014

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-This study is aimed at comparing two traditional methods of drying of enzymes and at verifying the efficiency of each one and their advantages and disadvantages. The experiments were performed with a laboratory spray dryer and freeze-dryer using α-amylase as the model enzyme. An experimental design in star revealed that spray drying is mainly influenced by the inlet air temperature and feed flow rate, which were considered to be the main factors influencing the enzymatic activity and water activity; the long period of material exposure to high temperatures causes a partial activity loss. In the experiments of freeze drying, three methods of freezing were used (freezer, acetone and dry ice, and liquid nitrogen) and samples subsequently freeze-dried for times ranging between 0-24 hours. The product obtained from the two techniques showed high enzymatic activity and low water activity. For the drying of heat-resistant enzymes, in which the product to be obtained does not have high added value, spray drying may be more economically viable because, in the freeze drying process, the process time can be considered as a limiting factor when choosing a technique.

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“…(7) and (8) in terms of the mathematical model of a belt dryer [6]. The analysis showed that case (1) did not yield complete drying.…”

Section: Drying Of Dssk-65 Rubber In Fluidized-bed and Belt Dryersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DRYING OF A LACTOSE SOLUTION The experimental data on lactose drying in a microwave vacuum dryer were taken from [8]. The experimental setup was a microwave furnace 0.332 × 0.332 × 0.235 m, inside which a glass chamber 100 mm in inner diameter connected to an external vacuum pump was installed.…”

Section: Drying Of Mannitol In a Freeze-dryermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic criteria for evaluating the energy consumption efficiency of drying equipment

Menshutina

Гордиенко

Voinovskii

et al. 2005

Theor Found Chem Eng

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Industrial drying is one of the highest energy consuming processes of contemporary engineering. Moreover, drying often finishes an industrial process and controls the product quality. The energy consumed in drying is usually described by some indices, such as the volume evaporation rate, steam consumption, energy efficiency (thermal efficiency), and overall energy consumption. The energy efficiency index is most frequency encountered in engineering literature [1][2][3].New efficiency criteria are needed to work out the optimal performance characteristics of dryers. These criteria will provide recommendations concerning process design, equipping dryers with ancillary facilities, and flow-sheet design with several dryers. DYNAMIC EFFICIENCY CRITERIAOne commonly thinks in convective drying that the energy supply is consumed in heating of the moist material, water evaporation, and compensation for heat losses. In drying of most materials, however, energy is consumed not only in removing unbound (superficial) moisture but also in removing internal (capillarybound) moisture. Moreover, the energy efficiency, which characterizes the degree of utilization of the energy supply, is defined as the ratio of the heat consumed in moisture evaporation to the overall energy supply. The energy efficiency is a function of the properties of the material (porosity, hygroscopicity, size, shape, and moisture binding type), the embodiment of the process (type and design of the equipment, heat supply, and others), the process parameters (temperature, the flow rate of the drying agent, and others), and the starting and final water contents [1,3].In the engineering literature, the thermal efficiency of drying is usually calculated as an average over time (for batch processes) or an average over the dryer length/height (for continuous processes). Such an approach gives no idea how the degree of energy utilization changes during the drying. Dynamic efficiency criteria make this analysis feasible [4,5]. The energy efficiency, a dynamic criterion, is defined aswhere E ev is the energy consumed in the moisture evaporation in the time interval ∆τ , and E Σ is the overall energy supplied in the time interval ∆τ .Integrating the criterion over the overall drying time τ max or over the dryer length/height ( L max / H max ) gives the overall energy efficiencyThe overall energy efficiency approaches the thermal efficiency in its meaning; however, this is a more exact measure of the efficiency of the energy process. The energy efficiency only reflects the degree of energy utilization. For better understanding, let us introduce another dynamic criterion, namely, the efficiency of drying, to evaluate how easily moisture is removed in the chosen drying process. This criterion is defined asAbstract -A new approach to the evaluation of the efficiency of drying equipment is considered. The approach employs dynamic efficiency criteria that are calculated from time-distributed parameters (for batch drying) or space-distributed parameters (for continuous dryin...

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Microwave-Vacuum Drying of Pharmaceutical Powders

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

Prediction of moisture transfer parameters for microwave drying of lactose powder using Bi–G drying correlation

Prediction of moisture transfer parameters for microwave drying of lactose powder using Bi–G drying correlation

Drying of α-amylase by spray drying and freeze-drying - a comparative study

Dynamic criteria for evaluating the energy consumption efficiency of drying equipment

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