Microwave-treated graphite felt as the positive electrode for all-vanadium redox flow battery

Wu, Xiaoxin; Xu, Hongyao; Xu, Ping; Shen, Yang; Lu, Lu; Shi, Jing; Fu, Jie; Zhao, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.035

Cited by 114 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…65 According to the report, the VO 2 + /VO 2+ redox reaction could be enhanced by increasing the amount of oxygen functional groups on the carbon felt electrode, regardless of the plasma environment. As an alternative approach, the surface of the carbon felt electrode was modified by the use of microwaves, as reported by Xu et al 66 After the microwave treatment, the surface of the carbon felt electrode was seen to be roughened, and the specific surface area was increased accordingly. In addition, the amount of OH functional groups increased, with the electrode showing a much improved response to the VO 2 + /VO 2+ redox reactions.…”

Section: Pan-type Carbon Felt or Graphite Felt Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

A technology review of electrodes and reaction mechanisms in vanadium redox flow batteries

et al. 2015

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The vanadium redox flow battery, which was first suggested by Skyllas -Kazacos and co-workers in 1985, is an electrochemical storage system which allows energy to be stored in two solutions containing different redox couples. Unlike commercially available batteries, all vanadium redox flow batteries have unique configurations, determined by the size of the electrolyte tanks. This technology has been proven to be an economically attractive and low-maintenance solution, with significant benefits over the other types of batteries. Moreover, the soaring demand for large-scale energy storage has, in turn, increased demands for unlimited capacity, design flexibility, and good safety systems. This work reviews and discusses the progress on electrodes their reaction mechanisms as key components of the vanadium redox flow battery over the past 30 years. In terms of future outlook, we also provide practical guidelines for the further development of self-sustaining electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries as an attractive energy storage system.

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Section: Pan-type Carbon Felt or Graphite Felt Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

A technology review of electrodes and reaction mechanisms in vanadium redox flow batteries

et al. 2015

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“…Acid and thermal treatment for graphite felt can enhance its electrochemical performance by the introduction of oxygen-containing groups [8,15]. Wu [16] reported the microwave treatment can etch the graphite felt and increase -OH groups. The increased special surface and -COOH groups are the main reasons for the improvement of the electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite felt electrode modified by square wave potential pulse for vanadium redox flow battery

Jiang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary In this paper, graphite felts treated by square wave potential pulse were modified as electrode for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicated that the treatment for graphite felt can introduce oxygen‐containing groups on the surface. Moreover, graphite felt can also be etched to form nano‐scale pores, without damage of mechanical property by treatment. The formed nano‐scale pores and introduced oxygen‐containing groups can enhance the wettability of electrolyte on graphite felt and electrochemical kinetics of V(II)/V(III) and V(IV)/V(V) redox reactions. The treated graphite felt was employed as electrode to assemble the static cell, and its electrochemical performance was evaluated. The cell using modified graphite felt exhibits larger discharge capacity and energy efficiency compared with the pristine graphite felt. The average energy efficiency for graphite felt treated for 1600 s can reach 87.0% at 30 mA cm−2, 4.2% larger than that for the pristine graphite felt. This study demonstrates that the square wave potential pulse treatment is an efficient way to enhance the electrochemical properties of graphite felt for VRFB system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…4a and Table 1, both the oxidation peak current (I pa ) and reduction peak current (I pc ) increase with the longer treated time, indicating that the treated sample exhibits higher electrochemical activity for VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox reaction than the untreated counterpart. This could be explained by the following two facts: one is that the electrochemical activity of carbon-based electrode in acidic vanadium solution is closely related with the wettability of its surface; [4,6,14] with the enhanced wettability, vanadium ion could be easily adsorbed on the surface of carbon paper and then the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox reaction become more facile; the Ionics other is that the -OH and -COOH groups are deemed to serve as active sites to catalyze the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox reaction [5]. Figure 5 is the schematic diagram showing the VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox reaction catalyzed by the -COOH group.…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetry and Galvanostatic Charge/discharge Measurmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, commercial carbon paper is hydrophobic and generally has low specific surface area; appropriate surface treatments are required to ensure that their wettability and electrochemical activity before being utilized as electrode. So far, a series of physical and chemical strategies for surface treatments of carbon-based materials, including electrochemical oxidation [3], thermal activation [4], acid treatment [5], and microwave treatment [6] have been reported. However, the conventional treatment strategies for carbon-based materials are known to be energy-or time-consuming or uncontrollable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of activated carbon paper by modified Hummer’s method and application as vanadium redox battery

Xie

Cheng

Guo

et al. 2014

Ionics

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In this report, the activated carbon papers were prepared by the modified Hummer's method. After the treatment by the modified Hummer's method, the specific surface areas of carbon papers enlarged and the surfaces became wettability. Further, the electrochemical behaviors for the activated carbon papers were measured. They exhibit higher electrochemical activities for VO 2+ /VO 2 + redox reaction than the unactivated counterparts upon application as vanadium redox battery, which is ascribed to the synergistic effect of surface wettability and catalysis of the docked -OH and -COOH groups.

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Microwave-treated graphite felt as the positive electrode for all-vanadium redox flow battery

Cited by 114 publications

References 37 publications

A technology review of electrodes and reaction mechanisms in vanadium redox flow batteries

A technology review of electrodes and reaction mechanisms in vanadium redox flow batteries

Graphite felt electrode modified by square wave potential pulse for vanadium redox flow battery

Preparation of activated carbon paper by modified Hummer’s method and application as vanadium redox battery

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