Microwave-to-terahertz dielectric resonators for liquid sensing in microfluidic systems

Klein, N.; Watts, Clare; Hanham, Stephen M.; Otter, William J.; Ahmad, M.M.; Lucyszyn, S.

doi:10.1117/12.2238545

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our proposed circular SIW cavity sensor also achieved a largest frequency shift and highest sensitivity for ethanol chemical. Some highly appreciated works using GHz-THz frequency band, sensing biomaterials, petrol, propanol, and other aqueous solutions using both optical and RF sensing mechanism are mentioned here [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Experimental Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic High-Q Circular Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cavity for Radio Frequency (RF) Chemical Liquid Sensing

Memon

Lim

2018

Sensors

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In this study, a high-Q circular substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator is proposed as a non-contact and non-invasive radio frequency (RF) sensor for chemical sensing applications. The design of the structure utilizes SIW technology along with a circular shape to achieve a high unloaded Q factor, which is one of the important requirements for RF sensors. The resonant frequency of the proposed circular SIW cavity sensor changes when a liquid material or a chemical (microliters) is inserted in the sensitive area of the structure. The sensing of liquid materials with different permittivities is accomplished via the perturbation of the electric fields in the SIW configuration. When a microwell that is 4 mm in radius is installed vertically through the center of the bare circular SIW cavity, the operating frequency varies from 5.26 to 5.34 GHz. Similarly, when the microwell contains ethanol, the frequency shifts from 5.26 to 5.18 GHz, and the amplitude of reflection coefficient is shifted from −29 dB to −17 dB; when the microwell contains mixing deionized (DI)-water, the frequency moves from 5.26 to 4.98 GHz (which is also 0% Ethanol in our study), and the amplitude of reflection coefficient is shifted from −29 dB to −8 dB. A high unloaded Q factor is maintained throughout all experimental results. To demonstrate our idea, different concentrations of ethanol are tested and recorded. The experimental validation yields a close agreement between the simulations and the measurements.

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Section: Experimental Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic High-Q Circular Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cavity for Radio Frequency (RF) Chemical Liquid Sensing

Memon

Lim

2018

Sensors

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“…A promising approach for achieving better performance is to utilize an alldielectric resonator with a high Q factor [13,14]. Recently, silicon resonators with ultra-high Q factors based on photonic crystals (PhC) have become popular for THz sensing applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Crystal Resonator in the Millimeter/Terahertz Range as a Thin Film Sensor for Future Biosensor Applications

Zhao

Vora

et al. 2022

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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With recent developments, terahertz (THz) technology has attracted great interest in many different fields of research and application. In particular, biosensors that detect a thin film of captured pathogens are in high demand for rapid diagnosis. Based on the interaction between analytes under test and electromagnetic (EM) field, THz resonators are sensitive to changes in the permittivity of the analyte and have the potential to become sensitive thin-film sensors. However, conventional metamaterial methods have low Q factors, leading to small amplitude variations and ambiguous detection. Here, we present a photonic crystal (PhC)–based resonator with a high Q factor that is sensitive to a monolayer of beads in the µm size range. The PhC resonator made of high resistivity silicon (HRSi) shows a Q factor of 750, which is much higher compared to metamaterial-based methods. Its resonance shift is linearly related to the coverage of the micron-sized beads on its surface. Moreover, simulation results with a thin film model of a single layer of the beads showed agreement with the experimental results. Although the achieved sensitivity needs to be improved by enhancing the field concentration on the analyte, our results suggest that THz PhC resonators with high Q factor are promising for biosensing applications. We anticipate our work to be a starting point for biochips with improved sensing capabilities and more functionality.

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“…This allows squeezing the Mie modes of a resonator into subwavelength‐sized volumes if compared to the free‐space wavelength at resonance. In particular, narrow spectral resonances observed in subwavelength‐sized dielectric resonators can enable high‐precision sensing techniques …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity of the Fano Resonance in the Near‐Field Magnetic‐Dipole Response of a Dielectric Particle Near a Conductive Surface

Khromova

Sayanskiy

Uryutin

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Fano resonances are observed in the near‐field electric‐field spectra of dielectric particles sustaining magnetic dipole resonances and located in the vicinity of a conductive surface (reflector). The polarity of these Fano resonances is defined by the relative positions of the resonant particle, the observation points, and the reflector. This paper studies two cases corresponding to common near‐field measurement techniques, where the electric field is detected by aperture‐based probes and scattering probes. In the first case, as the particle moves away from the reflector, the polarity of the observed Fano resonance reverses every quarter‐of‐a‐wavelength of the particle's magnetic resonance. In the second case, in addition to the periodic change of polarity, a phase shift of π is detected between the fields detected at the opposite sides of the resonant particle. This work proves, theoretically, that the observed Fano resonance polarities arise due to the interference between the external electric‐field standing wave and the resonant fields generated by the particle's magnetic dipole moment. The findings are supported by a recent terahertz experiment and the gigahertz experiment presented in this paper.

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Microwave-to-terahertz dielectric resonators for liquid sensing in microfluidic systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Microfluidic High-Q Circular Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cavity for Radio Frequency (RF) Chemical Liquid Sensing

Microfluidic High-Q Circular Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cavity for Radio Frequency (RF) Chemical Liquid Sensing

Photonic Crystal Resonator in the Millimeter/Terahertz Range as a Thin Film Sensor for Future Biosensor Applications

Polarity of the Fano Resonance in the Near‐Field Magnetic‐Dipole Response of a Dielectric Particle Near a Conductive Surface

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