Microwave synthesis of Ti/(RuO2)0.5(IrO2)0.5 anodes: Improved electrochemical properties and stability

Novel Ti/RuO2IrO2 anode to reduce the dangerousness of antibiotic polluted urines by Fenton-based processes

“…With this background, this work aims to study the feasibility of a promising microwave-prepared MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2 [26] in Fenton-based electrochemical processes and to compare the results with those obtained with a commercial BDD anode. Then, the Fenton, electro-Fenton and photoelectron-Fenton processes are evaluated for the particular case of reducing the dangerousness of hospital urines which is related to the presence of pharmaceutics [11,27] .…”

Electrochemical systems equipped with 2D and 3D microwave-made anodes for the highly efficient degradation of antibiotics in urine

“…Several researchers are studying the influence of anodic material and the design of the cell/electrochemical reactor to optimize the process [16]. Among the anodes, MMO (mixed metal oxides) are plenty promising, as they have a low cost of synthesis and excellent electrocatalytic properties [17,18]. As reported in the literature [19,20], when MMO is used, two processes will occur concurrently, the direct oxidation that occurs on the surface of this material (through adsorbed hydroxyl radicals) and oxidation mediated by electrogenerated oxidants (contained in the electrolyte), being fundamental to increase the efficiency of electrolysis [21].…”

“…The direct oxidation of organic pollutants using 3D anodes is superior due to the larger contact surface and more active sites than 2D electrodes [23]. Evidently, to implement these 3D electrodes, a different mechanical design of the electrochemical cell is required, and recently, our group proposed a significantly efficient design in which the concepts of microfluidics and flow-through electrodes were properly merged [1][2][3][4]24] Given the above, this article studies the behavior of 2D, or 3D anodes (MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2) synthesized employing a new heating technique using microwaves [17,25] in the electrolysis and photo-electrolysis of urine polluted with a mixture of antibiotics: Penicillin G (PENG), Meropenem (MEP) and Chloramphenicol (CLP). These electrodes are placed in different electrochemical cells: a conventional single-flow cell (E-cell) for the 2D electrode and a flowthrough microfluidic reactor (MF-Reactor) for the 3-D electrode.…”

Ultralong-lifetime Ti/RuO2–IrO2@Pt anodes with a strong metal–support interaction for efficient electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid

“…The two bands at 280.4 eV and 285.0 eV can be attributed to RuO 2 while the other two peaks with binding energies of 282.2 eV and 287.8 eV can be assigned to Ru 3+ . 39 The coating characteristic peaks with spin–orbit double peaks of Ir 4f 5/2 (64.3 eV) and Ir 4f 7/2 (61.9 eV) are exhibited in Fig. 2c.…”