Microwave Synthesis for the PTB Cesium Fountain Clocks

Kazda, Michael; Gerginov, Vladislav; Lipphardt, B.; Weyers, S.

doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2936694

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Here we discuss effects attributable to the electronic systems that generate and control the microwaves for the fountains. More detail about the microwave synthesis are described in [30,31,70].…”

Section: 10electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symmetric sidebands can also cause frequency shifts if the sideband frequency is coherent with the fountain cycle [75,76]. Considering the sideband modulation periods of our fountains, we have adjusted the cycle times to average out these frequency shifts after multiples of 200 fountain cycles [31,70]. In CSF1 we chose a cycle time of T c = 1.1155 s and for CSF2, T c = 1.2345 s. These provide atom numbers and densities that yield reasonable compromises between the collisional shift uncertainties and the frequency instabilities (see sections 3.4 and 4).…”

Section: 10electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the PTB primary fountain clocks

et al. 2018

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Improvements of the systematic uncertainty, frequency instability, and long-term reliability of the two caesium fountain primary frequency standards CSF1 and CSF2 at PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt) are described. We have further investigated many of the systematic effects and made a number of modifications of the fountains. With an optically stabilized microwave oscillator, the quantum projection noise limited frequency instabilities are improved to 7.2 × 10 −14 (τ /1 s) −1/2 for CSF1 and 2.5 × 10 −14 (τ /1 s) −1/2 for CSF2 at high atom density. The systematic uncertainties of CSF1 and CSF2 are reduced to 2.74 × 10 −16 and 1.71 × 10 −16 , respectively. Both fountain clocks regularly calibrate the scale unit of International Atomic Time (TAI) and the local realization of Coordinated Universal Time, UTC(PTB), and serve as references to measure the frequencies of local and remote optical frequency standards.

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Section: 10electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 10electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the PTB primary fountain clocks

et al. 2018

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“…Possible phase perturbations in the Ramsey interrogation signal, e.g. caused by the detuning setup, were examined using a home-made sensitive phase transient analyzer [3].…”

Section: Microwave Interrogation Signal Generation System For Ptb's C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The revised generation of the interrogation signal enables fountain frequency instabilities at the low 10 -14 level (1s). The systematic uncertainty contribution from the generation of the interrogation signal is 1×10 -17 [1,3].…”

Section: Microwave Interrogation Signal Generation System For Ptb's C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Interrogation signal generation system for PTB's caesium fountain clocks

Kazda,

Lipphardt,

Rahm

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the XXXVth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium – GASS 2023

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Continuous optical generation of microwave signals for fountain clocks

Lipphardt,

Walkemeyer,

Kazda

et al. 2023

Appl. Opt.

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For the optical generation of ultrastable microwave signals for fountain clocks, we developed a setup based on a cavity stabilized laser and a commercial frequency comb. The robust system, in operation since 2020, is locked to a 100 MHz output frequency of a hydrogen maser and provides an ultrastable 9.6 GHz signal for the interrogation of atoms in two cesium fountain clocks, acting as primary frequency standards. Measurements reveal that the system provides a phase noise level that enables quantum projection noise limited fountain frequency instabilities at the low 10−14(τ/s)−1/2 level. At the same time, it offers largely maintenance-free operation.

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Microwave Synthesis for the PTB Cesium Fountain Clocks

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Advances in the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the PTB primary fountain clocks

Advances in the accuracy, stability, and reliability of the PTB primary fountain clocks

Microwave Interrogation signal generation system for PTB's caesium fountain clocks

Continuous optical generation of microwave signals for fountain clocks

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