Microwave spectrum asymmetry in an optically pumped cesium beam resonator

Giordano, V.; Boussert, B.; Cérez, P.; Théobald, G.; Dimarcq, N.

doi:10.1109/19.377789

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This effect, called Rabi pulling, is discussed in Section 5.2. Although the dominant microwave magnetic field component is oriented parallel to the C-field to excite the σ-transitions, the small dips between and outside the major resonances are indicative of weak excitation of the π-transitions for some atoms [25]. At higher C-fields and microwave power these transitions are clearly resolved.…”

Section: Zeeman Spectrummentioning

confidence: 97%

Accuracy evaluation of the primary frequency standard NIST-7

Shirley¹,

Lee²,

Drullinger³

2001

Metrologia

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We develop a comprehensive approach to the evaluation of the uncertainty of a primary frequency standard. Indirect, model-dependent means are employed for the evaluation of all known biases. This approach leads to a lower combined standard uncertainty (CSU) and leaves frequency measurements under altered conditions as a powerful search technique for unknown biases. We report the results of this evaluation technique applied to NIST-7, one of the United States' primary frequency standards. The best CSU value we have reported to the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) is , while a rigorous application of this evaluation process would suggest that a limiting Type B uncertainty of is possible. We discuss this difference and the implications of reporting optimistic values. We also discuss the history of reported evaluations of NIST-7 including those made before the full implementation of the techniques presented here.

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Section: Zeeman Spectrummentioning

confidence: 97%

Accuracy evaluation of the primary frequency standard NIST-7

Shirley¹,

Lee²,

Drullinger³

2001

Metrologia

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“…The measured asymmetry is less than 10 −2 and according to relation 5.6-135 of [10], the Rabi pulling frequency shift is less than 5 × 10 −14 [12].…”

Section: Rabi and Ramsey Frequency Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Frequency performances of a miniature optically pumped cesium beam frequency standard

Bousset

Lucas-Leclin

Hamouda

et al. 1999

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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The optically pumped cesium beam clock named Cs IV is operated with a new short Ramsey cavity satisfying strict requirements on the microwave leakage level. The most relevant characteristics of the device are presented. Cs IV is presently driven by standard electronics coming from a HP 5061 B clock that provides a sinusoidal modulation of the interrogation microwave signal and a microwave power stability of about 1% at a temperature of 20+/-1 degrees C. The short- and medium-term frequency stability measurement gives sigma(y)(1 day)=2x10(-14): this value holds up to 3 days. The accuracy evaluation results in an uncertainty of 10(-12), and the repeatability is evaluated to 3x10(-13). It appears that the flicker floor is beginning at 2x10(-14) and is mainly due to both the power fluctuations of the free running microwave interrogating signal and the fluctuations of the external static magnetic field. The accuracy is limited by the lack of knowledge of the end-to-end cavity phase shift.

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“…The explicit expressions for the probability amplitudes (10) can accordingly be found following the standard calculation procedure for a two-level scheme. This gives the probability amplitudes for the upper states as…”

Section: Rabi Pullingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the 'exact' derivation of the preceding section, we take into account condition ( 8) and derive a zeroth-order solution for the probability amplitudes as a series in terms of the small parameters b 0 /ε and b 1 /ε. Alternatively, this zeroth-order solution can be found by expanding solution (10) in powers of b 0 /ε and b 1 /ε. Then, applying condition ( 9) we derive the first-order perturbation theory solution, which gives the corrections proportional to the small parameters d 1 /ε and d 2 /ε.…”

Section: Ramsey Pullingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pulling of the Ramsey line by the neighbouring microwave transitions is one of the basic physical effects responsible for the frequency shift in caesium-beam clocks [1]. This effect has been the subject of numerous studies with regard to caesiumbeam frequency standards with both magnetic state selection [2][3][4][5][6] and optical pumping [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Generally, the influence of the neigbouring transitions on the clock line was shown to be related to two specific effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Rabi and Ramsey pulling in an optically pumped caesium-beam standard

et al. 2003

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We present an evaluation of the frequency shifts in an optically pumped caesium-beam frequency standard caused by the neighbouring transitions. We analyse the shifts caused by the Rabi and Ramsey pulling effects and find a well-known result for the Rabi pulling but a new result for the Ramsey pulling. The revised Ramsey shift is found to be proportional to not the imaginary but the real part of the ground-state atomic coherence. The value of the Ramsey shift is proportional to the first power of the Rabi frequency defined by a small orthogonal component of the microwave field and the inverse value of the Zeeman splitting. We compare the shifts caused by the neighbouring transitions and show that the relative contributions of the Rabi and Ramsey pulling effects crucially depend on the quality of optical pumping. We estimate that the Rabi shift for the KRISS-1 caesium-beam frequency standard is at a relative level of 10−14 while the Ramsey shift is at a relative level of 10−12.

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Microwave spectrum asymmetry in an optically pumped cesium beam resonator

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Accuracy evaluation of the primary frequency standard NIST-7

Accuracy evaluation of the primary frequency standard NIST-7

Frequency performances of a miniature optically pumped cesium beam frequency standard

Comparison of the Rabi and Ramsey pulling in an optically pumped caesium-beam standard

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