Microwave specific effects in organic synthesis: A proposed model from the solvent-free synthesis of monoglycerylcetyldimethylammonium chloride

Horikoshi, Satoshi; Fukui, Motoki; Tsuchiya, Koji; Abe, Masahiko; Serpone, Nick

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.011

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, when carried out in a heterogeneous solvent-free system, the reaction was only slightly enhanced by the microwaves. Another example is given by the synthesis of the monoglycerylcetyldimethylammonium chloride (MGCA) surfactant from 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (CP) and N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHA) precursors in 2-propanol solvent and under solvent- free conditions 21 to expose the possible existence of specific effects in microwave-assisted reactions. Results showed no specific microwave effect(s) when the synthesis was carried out in homogeneous 2-propanol media under otherwise identical temperature conditions to those of conventional heating with an oil bath.…”

Section: Organic Synthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of microwaves in heterogeneous catalytic systems

Horikoshi

Serpone

2014

Catal. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Organic Synthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of microwaves in heterogeneous catalytic systems

Horikoshi

Serpone

2014

Catal. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Recent studies have shown that several chemical reactions are promoted by microwave irradiation at lower temperatures than those observed with conventional heating methods such as using an oil bath 6 7 8 . Additionally, biological phenomena are controlled by microwave irradiation whose conditions hardly generate heat 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Normothermic Conditioned Microwave Irradiation on Cultured Cells Using an Irradiation System with Semiconductor Oscillator and Thermo-regulatory Applicator

Asano

Sakaguchi

Tanaka

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the effects of microwave irradiation under normothermic conditions on cultured cells. For this study, we developed an irradiation system constituted with semiconductor microwave oscillator (2.45 GHz) and thermos-regulatory applicator, which could irradiate microwaves at varied output powers to maintain the temperature of cultured cells at 37 °C. Seven out of eight types of cultured cells were killed by microwave irradiation, where four were not affected by thermal treatment at 42.5 °C. Since the dielectric properties such as ε’, ε” and tanδ showed similar values at 2.45 GHz among cell types and media, the degree of microwave energy absorbed by cells might be almost the same among cell types. Thus, the vulnerability of cells to microwave irradiation might be different among cell types. In HL-60 cells, which were the most sensitive to microwave irradiation, the viability decreased as irradiation time and irradiation output increased; accordingly, the decrease in viability was correlated to an increase in total joule. However, when a high or low amount of joules per minute was supplied, the correlation between cellular viability and total joules became relatively weak. It is hypothesized that kinds of cancer cells are efficiently killed by respective specific output of microwave under normothermic cellular conditions.

show abstract

“…However, some cases contrary to this are also observed. In comparison of microwave and conventional heating, the microwave-specific effect and thermal conduction model at the microscopic level were proposed in the synthesis of the monoglycerylcetyldimethylammonium chloride MGCA surfactant as a model reaction, in both homogeneous 2-propanol media and under solvent-free heterogeneous conditions 17 . MGCA was synthesized under reflux conditions with 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol CP and N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine DMHA by microwave irradiation and by conventional heating at ca.…”

Section: Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%