Microwave‐Promoted Synthesis of Smart Superporous Hydrogel for the Development of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System

Abstract

Smart superporous hydrogels (SPHs) based on dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylamide monomers with and without magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized via a microwave procedure. The synthesized samples were confirmed by various techniques such as Fourier transform spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The parameters such as pH, irradiation time, and MNPs content on the swelling behavior of products were studied. The results of swelling studies in artificial gastric and intestine media exhibited a higher swelling ratio of SPHs in lower pH, confirming smart performance of SPHs for gastroretentive drug delivery (GDD). The metronidazole (MTZ) was used as an effective antibiotic administered in peptic ulcer therapy. The in vitro release studies showed that the presence of MNPs into the hydrogel network provided the sustained release pattern for MTZ. It was concluded that our developed SPHs and MSPHs fabricated via a facile method have potential to be used in GDD. C

Recent Developments in Antimicrobial Polymers: A Review

“…Dendritic structures have also proven useful in the delivery of antibiotics as described in the recent review by Kalhapure et al [ 181 ]. In recent years, although less explored than the strategies presented above, antibiotic delivery systems based on hydrogels [ 182 , 183 , 184 ] and nanofibers or nanofibrous mats [ 160 , 185 , 186 , 187 ] have been also used. Gustafson et al [ 183 ] prepared charged hydrogels based on oligo(poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) and sodium methacrylate (OPF/SMA), by photopolymerization, and used it as a delivery device for vancomycin in surgical applications.…”

Stomach-Specific Drug Delivery of Clarithromycin Using aSemi Interpenetrating Polymeric Network Hydrogel Made ofMontmorillonite and Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and InVitro Drug Release Study

“…In spite of the fact that high concentration of drug at initial burst release may be helpful in prevention of bacterial resistance against therapeutic antibiotic, the burst release, due to the reduction of effective lifetime of drug, from the therapeutic point of view, is mostly undesirable. 14,24 At the second phase of drug release patterns of CS-g-poly(AA-co-AAm)/PVP/CAM and CS-g-poly(AA-co-AAm)/PVP/MMT/CAM formulations, dissolution of the drug molecules in the inner porous structure of the hydrogel network made a slower release trend. During this step, as the hydrogel samples swell further, due to the continuous release of drug, concentration gradient between hydrogel network and drug release medium decreases.…”

“…12,13 The enzymes and toxins released by this bacterium may injure the gastric epithelial cells, resulting in diseases such as gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer, and also gastric cancer. 14,15 Therefore, eradication of H. pylori by antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin (CAM), tetracycline, and metronidazole along with gastric acid suppressant is prerequisite for curing H. pylori related gastric diseases. 16…”

Future Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for Improved Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection

“…[178] Thus, an initial burst release in the infected site can be a good strategy for eradicating both susceptible and resistant strains of bacteria. [179] However, there are some examples of the negative influence of burst release at higher pH, which suggest that this type of release profile can reduce the effective lifetime of drugs. [180,181] In one study, Zhao et al investigated methylisothiazolinone (MIT) loaded into smart nanocarriers "TiO 2 -hollow multi-shelled structures" for Escherichia coli (E. coli) eradication, which allowed sequential drug release in a buffer solution.…”