Microwave promoted rapid nitration of phenolic compounds with calcium nitrate

Bose, Ajay K.; Ganguly, Subhendu N.; Manhas, M. S.; Rao, Sheetal; Speck, J. Matthäus; Pekelny, Uri; Pombo-Villars, Esteban

doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.094

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…While in a number of cases, the differences can be attributed to thermal kinetic effects leading to discrepancies between the actual temperature profiles in conventional and microwave heating; in other cases, factors other than thermal heating may play a part. For instance, it has been demonstrated that microwave irradiation can be used to successfully carry out reactions in a reaction vial placed in a block of ice without melting the ice [284,285]. A number of factors have been envisaged to explain non-thermal effects, such as changes in the pre-exponential factor or activation energy in the Arrhenius equation, stabilisation of polar transition states and intermediates, microscopic hot spots, molecular agitation, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities

Mukherjee

Dumont

Raghavan

2015

Biomass and Bioenergy

461

330

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities

Mukherjee

Dumont

Raghavan

2015

Biomass and Bioenergy

461

330

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“…The resultant turbid dark red solution was kept in a refrigerator. The yellow crystals which separated out after four hours were washed with small amount of ice-cold water to make it free from acid and then dried to yield 0.66 g (50%) of a 4-nitrosalicylic acid having a melting point at 234 °C [12].…”

Section: Nitration Of Salicylic Acid Using Calcium Nitrate and Aceticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Approach to Green Chemistry

Bhandari

Raj

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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The basic principles of green chemistry addresses various issues related to synthesis of chemical compounds: planning organic synthesis to maximise yield, prevention/minimization of waste, atom economy, the use of less lethal chemicals, use of safer solvents, renewable starting materials, energy efficiency and use of green catalysts. The objective of this study is to elaborate the practical approach of green methods. In this paper, we elucidate some important common syntheses having green procedures which can be used in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry and other fields as well. Green chemistry principles follow up to reduce pollution and environmental degradation by utilizing eco-friendly, nonhazardous, reproducible and efficient solvents and catalysts in the synthesis of drug molecules, drug intermediates and in researches involving synthetic chemistry. The paper also approaches green methods in which microwave radiation can be used as an energy efficient tool. Experimental procedures are gathered from educational journals and laboratory manuals and are viewed in the light of efficacy of green chemistry principles.

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“…Also many methods have been reported using metal nitrates as source of nitronium ion. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] However, these metal nitrates often need extra co-reagents such as phase transfer catalysts or expensive ionic liquids achieve desirable outcomes. Therefore, it is worthwhile to seek for alternative methods that could overcome these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%