Microwave Programmable Graphene Metasurface

Chen, Hao; Lu, Wei‐Bing; Liu, Zhenguo; Geng, Ming‐Yang

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01807

Cited by 69 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…In the meantime, there are other types of graphene metamaterials or metasurfaces made from 2D nanoresonator arrays composed of pure graphene materials [ 130 ] or graphene hybrid with metals. [ 131 ] Those graphene metamaterials control the optical response by using nanoelements [ 73 ] based on completely different working principles. They are out of the scope of the current review and will be subject to future work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Multilayer Photonic Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications

Lin

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Graphene is given high expectation due to their unique properties and advantages and has revolutionized different research fields and leads to enormous applications. However, monolayer graphene shows limited absorption due to the ultrathin thickness, which compromises the optical modulation capability. Therefore, graphene metamaterials consisting of alternatively stacked graphene and dielectric layers or graphene layer combined with conventional metamaterial structures are proposed as artificially structured materials to exploit both graphene's unique material properties and nanostructure capability of metamaterials to achieve strong optical modulations. The recent breakthrough in experimental fabrication of graphene metamaterials, in particular the solution‐based method which allows large‐area fabrication of graphene metamaterials with monolayer‐thickness controllability and nanometer surface roughness, enables extraordinary optical properties and opens various new possibilities both in research and manufacturing. In this comprehensive review, the concept of graphene metamaterials, the unique optical properties, and the enabling fabrication methods are demonstrated. The multifunctionality of graphene metamaterials offer a novel platform for manufacturing innovative optical and photonic devices with the advantages of broad working bandwidth, high efficiency, fast response, tunability, integrability, and low energy consumption. The review provides insights to future innovations for the booming graphene metamaterials and metaphotonic devices in the disciplines of optics, nanophotonics, and optoelectronics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Multilayer Photonic Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications

Lin

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Graphene could prove to be a useful material for programmable meta‐atoms, with a demonstration in the microwave regime having already been proved. [ 227 ]…”

Section: Individually Addressable Meta‐atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Metasurfaces: The Path to Fully Active Nanophotonics

Badloe

Lee

Seong

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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In the field of nanophotonics, metasurfaces have come to the forefront in real‐world applications, owing to their accessible exotic optical properties that can be readily designed and fabricated using currently available techniques. The subwavelength dimensions and lightweight characteristics of metasurfaces are attractive qualities for the miniaturization of optical devices and are already exploited in devices that can rival, and sometimes even outperform, conventional bulky optics. Over the past decade, ample research has been undertaken to produce high‐performance metasurfaces with exciting optical properties that cannot be found in nature or achieved with conventional optics. To open the path to widely used devices in our everyday lives, the next obvious step for metasurfaces is the development of tunability. Herein, the techniques and development of applications of tunable metasurfaces are presented through the incorporation of active materials and controllable external stimuli, and the uncovered tunable characteristics are critically analyzed. The review rounds up by proposing the future directions and prospects for actively tunable metasurfaces and their potential practical applications.

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“…In principle, all those actively reconfigurable metasurfaces can be constructed by: (i) embedding active materials or components into hybrid device architectures, or (ii) directly structuring into thin films of active materials (e.g., graphene [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], phase change chalcogenides [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]). After a close inspection and classification, such active materials or mechanisms include the liquid crystal (LC) [ 38 ], MEMS [ 39 , 40 ], semiconductors [ 41 , 42 ], the 2D materials family represented by graphene [ 43 , 44 , 45 ], atomic-thin-layer direct tuning of 2D electron gas [ 46 ], conductive metal oxide (i.e., Indium Tin Oxide ITO) [ 10 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], magnetic or ferromagnetic materials [ 50 , 51 ], varactor arrays [ 52 , 53 , 54 ], and phase change materials (PCMs) [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 36 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Among these mainstream options, the LC-based methods are commonly used for conventional optical modulation, but with intrinsic obstacles in CMOS-compatibility and high-speed operations, especially for integrated photonics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Change Metasurfaces by Continuous or Quasi-Continuous Atoms for Active Optoelectronic Integration

Fan

Deng

et al. 2021

Materials

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In recent decades, metasurfaces have emerged as an exotic and appealing group of nanophotonic devices for versatile wave regulation with deep subwavelength thickness facilitating compact integration. However, the ability to dynamically control the wave–matter interaction with external stimulus is highly desirable especially in such scenarios as integrated photonics and optoelectronics, since their performance in amplitude and phase control settle down once manufactured. Currently, available routes to construct active photonic devices include micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), semiconductors, liquid crystal, and phase change materials (PCMs)-integrated hybrid devices, etc. For the sake of compact integration and good compatibility with the mainstream complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process for nanofabrication and device integration, the PCMs-based scheme stands out as a viable and promising candidate. Therefore, this review focuses on recent progresses on phase change metasurfaces with dynamic wave control (amplitude and phase or wavefront), and especially outlines those with continuous or quasi-continuous atoms in favor of optoelectronic integration.

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Microwave Programmable Graphene Metasurface

Cited by 69 publications

References 63 publications

Graphene Multilayer Photonic Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications

Graphene Multilayer Photonic Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications

Tunable Metasurfaces: The Path to Fully Active Nanophotonics

Phase Change Metasurfaces by Continuous or Quasi-Continuous Atoms for Active Optoelectronic Integration

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