Microwave pretreatment for enhanced selective nitric acid pressure leaching of limonitic laterite

He, Fei; Ma, Baozhong; Wang, Chengyan; Ma, Yu-tian; Asselin, Edouard; Chen, Yongqiang; Zhang, Wenjuan; Zhao, Jian

doi:10.1007/s11771-021-4838-z

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Microwave-assisted smelting and reduction in mineral processing are gaining recognition for their efficiency and environmental benefits. A review of the microwave treatment of minerals indicates that while some minerals are transparent to microwave radiation, others, particularly sulfides and arsenides, respond strongly to it, suggesting their suitability for microwave-assisted processes [41]. Research on carbothermic microwave reduction demonstrates that microwave heating can initiate chemical reactions at lower temperatures, thus impacting the reduction mechanism significantly, as shown in Figure 6 [53].…”

Section: Smelting and Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Treatment of Minerals and Ores: Heating Behaviors, Applications, and Future Directions

Chen,

Li,

Gao

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The application of microwave technology in mineral metallurgy is a transformative approach to ore processing that offers new ideas about the current progressive depletion of resources and the environmental impact of mineral processing. This review delves into the principles, applications, and future directions of microwave treatment in mineral and ore processing. Microwave technology, characterized by its unique advantages such as rapid and uniform heating, selective heating, and energy efficiency, stands in contrast to traditional heating methods. It directly interacts with materials at the molecular level, enabling volumetric heating. The review encompasses a wide range of applications, including ore pre-treatment, drying, mineral processing, hydrometallurgy, smelting, and reduction. It highlights the role of microwave treatment in enhancing metal recovery, reducing energy consumption, and improving processing speeds. Future research directions are identified, focusing on enhanced equipment design, process optimization, integration with conventional methods, and technological innovations. The comprehensive overview assists researchers, engineers, and decision-makers in understanding the potential of microwave technology in mineral metallurgy, emphasizing its contribution to innovation and sustainability in the sector.

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Section: Smelting and Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Treatment of Minerals and Ores: Heating Behaviors, Applications, and Future Directions

Chen,

Li,

Gao

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…5,6 The abundance of these valuable elements is much higher than the natural abundance, 7 so it is important to promote the resource utilization of these "secondary resources" for environmental capacity and sustainable economic development. 8,9 At present, the common WPCB resource treatment methods include mechanical method, 10,11 chemical method, 12,13 incineration method, 14,15 pyrolysis method, 16,17 biological method, 18,19 and so forth. Regardless of the method, efficient extraction of metals is the key to resourceful treatment of WPCB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the common WPCB resource treatment methods include mechanical method, , chemical method, , incineration method, , pyrolysis method, , biological method, , and so forth. Regardless of the method, efficient extraction of metals is the key to resourceful treatment of WPCB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on the Leaching and Enrichment Effect of Copper in Waste Printed Circuit Boards

Huang

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The use of efficient and clean methods for the recycling of waste circuit boards is an ongoing challenge. In this research, the effect of microwave pretreatment on the leaching and enrichment of copper from waste print circuit board (WPCB) was studied. The morphology and chemical structure of WPCB particles before and after microwave pretreatment were analyzed by SEM/EDS and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. Leaching experiments and copper enrichment tests were designed to investigate the effect of different microwave irradiation powers and microwave irradiation times on the copper leaching rate and copper enrichment rate in WPCB. The leaching experiment results showed that microwave pretreatment can effectively improve the leaching rate of WPCB. When the microwave irradiation power was 700 W, the irradiation time was 120 s, and the leaching time was 15 min, the copper leaching rate in WPCB was 57.01%, which was 24.34% higher than that in the untreated condition. The results of copper enrichment experiment show that microwave pretreatment can effectively improve the copper enrichment of WPCB. After microwave pretreatment, copper was effectively enriched in the 4–2 and 2–1 mm particle sizes. When the microwave irradiation time was 120 s, the copper enrichment rates in the 4–2 and 2–1 mm particle sizes were 1.74 and 1.66, which increased by 0.63 and 0.32, respectively, compared to the untreated condition. Microwave pretreatment enables the effective separation of metallic copper from non-metallic components in WPCB, increasing the exposure area of copper and promoting the monomer separation of copper, thus improving the leaching and enrichment of copper.

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“…So more iron ions are hydrolyzed into hematite at high temperatures, which achieves selective leaching of Al; (2) the scaling problem of the autoclave caused by the formation of CaSO 4 when H 2 SO 4 is used as the medium can be avoided; (3) the decomposition temperature of Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O is only 250 °C, which is far below 1000–1200 °C of AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O and 1350 °C of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O . Hence the thermolysis of Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O and the regeneration of HNO 3 are bound to greatly reduce the cost of acid recovery Al from coal gangue/fly ash; and (4) our team has successfully applied HNO 3 pressure leaching technology to the treatment of laterite ore, realizing the recovery of HNO 3 and the enrichment of Fe in slag. − Eighty percent of Al in coal fly ash , and 95% of Al in coal gangue were leached out via HNO 3 pressurization technology by our team, but 6% of Fe in coal fly ash and 2% of Fe in coal gangue still inevitably entered the leach liquor. To obtain pure Al 2 O 3 by direct pyrolysis at a low cost, the removal of Fe 3+ from the leach liquor is a thorny challenge …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Diagram of the Al(NO₃)₃–Fe(NO₃)₃–H₂O(−HNO₃) System and Its Application in the Separation of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺

Shi

Shao

et al. 2023

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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An original technology named HNO3 pressure leaching has been proposed by our team to leach Al from coal gangue and fly ash. Although the preliminary separation of Al and Fe had been achieved during leaching, a small amount of Fe impurity was still unavoidably dissolved into the leach liquor. To obtain pure Al2O3 during subsequent pyrolysis, it is imperative to synchronously remove Fe3+ during the crystallization of Al(NO3)3·9H2O. Herein, the phase equilibria of the Al(NO3)3–Fe(NO3)3–H2O(−HNO3) system at 25–40 °C and 0–8.12 mol kg–1 of HNO3 molality were investigated. The results indicated that the ternary system was a simple cosaturated type consisting of an immutable point, two univariate curves, and two crystallization regions. Notably, the solubility and crystallization region of Al(NO3)3·9H2O were barely impacted by acidity, while the opposite was true for Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. This finding was instructive for the crystallization of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O from the liquor with high Fe and low Al. Moreover, a high crystallization yield could be obtained at low temperatures. Finally, an appropriate crystallization procedure was provided. This study is expected to provide basic data and theoretical support for the crystallization and separation of mixed nitrates containing Al and Fe.

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Microwave pretreatment for enhanced selective nitric acid pressure leaching of limonitic laterite

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Microwave Treatment of Minerals and Ores: Heating Behaviors, Applications, and Future Directions

Microwave Treatment of Minerals and Ores: Heating Behaviors, Applications, and Future Directions

Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on the Leaching and Enrichment Effect of Copper in Waste Printed Circuit Boards

Phase Diagram of the Al(NO₃)₃–Fe(NO₃)₃–H₂O(−HNO₃) System and Its Application in the Separation of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺

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Microwave pretreatment for enhanced selective nitric acid pressure leaching of limonitic laterite

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Microwave Treatment of Minerals and Ores: Heating Behaviors, Applications, and Future Directions

Microwave Treatment of Minerals and Ores: Heating Behaviors, Applications, and Future Directions

Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on the Leaching and Enrichment Effect of Copper in Waste Printed Circuit Boards

Phase Diagram of the Al(NO3)3–Fe(NO3)3–H2O(−HNO3) System and Its Application in the Separation of Al3+ and Fe3+

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Product

Resources

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Phase Diagram of the Al(NO₃)₃–Fe(NO₃)₃–H₂O(−HNO₃) System and Its Application in the Separation of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺