Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits

Gu, Xiu; Kockum, Anton Frisk; Miranowicz, Adam; Liu, Yuxi; Nori, Franco

doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2017.10.002

Cited by 1,133 publications

(986 citation statements)

References 1,263 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

980

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture (cQED) [1,2] is an attractive platform for quantum information processing with continuous variables. Within cQED, a variety of nonclassical photonic states can be efficiently generated by nonlinear superconducting elements: superpositions of Fock states [3], entangled two-mode photonic states [4][5][6], and multiphoton Schrödinger cat states [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondegenerate parametric oscillations in a tunable superconducting resonator

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigate nondegenerate parametric oscillations in a superconducting microwave multimode resonator that is terminated by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The parametric effect is achieved by modulating magnetic flux through the SQUID at a frequency close to the sum of two resonator-mode frequencies. For modulation amplitudes exceeding an instability threshold, self-sustained oscillations are observed in both modes. The amplitudes of these oscillations show good quantitative agreement with a theoretical model. The oscillation phases are found to be correlated and exhibit strong fluctuations which broaden the oscillation spectral linewidths. These linewidths are significantly reduced by applying a weak on-resonant tone, which also suppresses the phase fluctuations. When the weak tone is detuned, we observe synchronization of the oscillation frequency with the frequency of the input. For the detuned input, we also observe an emergence of three idlers in the output. This observation is in agreement with theory indicating four-mode amplification and squeezing of a coherent input.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondegenerate parametric oscillations in a tunable superconducting resonator

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While such detectors are well established at optical frequencies, their microwave equivalents are still under development, partly because of the much lower photon energy in this frequency band [6]. At microwave frequencies, itinerant fields are typically recorded with linear detection schemes [7], analogous to optical homodyne detection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Shot Quantum Nondemolition Detection of Individual Itinerant Microwave Photons

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single-photon detection is an essential component in many experiments in quantum optics, but it remains challenging in the microwave domain. We realize a quantum nondemolition detector for propagating microwave photons and characterize its performance using a single-photon source. To this aim, we implement a cavity-assisted conditional phase gate between the incoming photon and a superconducting artificial atom. By reading out the state of this atom in a single shot, we reach an external (internal) photon-detection fidelity of 50% (71%), limited by transmission efficiency between the source and the detector (75%) and the coherence properties of the qubit. By characterizing the coherence and average number of photons in the field reflected off the detector, we demonstrate its quantum nondemolition nature. We envisage applications in generating heralded remote entanglement between qubits and for realizing logic gates between propagating microwave photons. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.8.021003 Subject Areas: Quantum Physics, Quantum InformationSingle-photon detectors [1] for itinerant fields are a key element in remote entanglement protocols [2], in linear optics quantum computation [3,4], and, in general, in characterizing correlation properties of radiation fields [5]. While such detectors are well established at optical frequencies, their microwave equivalents are still under development, partly because of the much lower photon energy in this frequency band [6]. At microwave frequencies, itinerant fields are typically recorded with linear detection schemes [7], analogous to optical homodyne detection. Such detection can now be realized with high efficiency by employing near-quantum-limited parametric amplifiers [8], and furthermore, it allows for a full tomographic characterization of radiation fields [9]. However, protocols such as entanglement heralding require the intrinsic nonlinearity of a single-photon detector in order to yield high-purity states despite losses between the source and the detector. Such a component has therefore raised interest in the community, leading to a variety of theoretical proposals [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], as well as initial experimental demonstrations, in the last decade [21][22][23][24][25][26][27].The first microwave photodetection experiment with superconducting circuits that did not require photons to be stored in high-quality factor cavities [21-23] was based on current biased Josephson junctions [24], but it was destructive and involved a long dead time. Later, systems involving absorption into artificial atoms (and thus destruction) of traveling photons [25,26] were implemented. Very recently, a quantum nondemolition (QND) detection scheme based on a photon-qubit entangling gate, similar in spirit to this work, was implemented using a strong dispersive shift in a 3D cavity [27]. Projective measurements of coherent input states into single-photon Fock states were realized in that work [27].Here, we demonstrate single-shot QND detection of itinerant single ph...

show abstract

“…Following the standard techniques of field quantization of transmission line, we quantize the field in such a SQUIDs‐based JTL and obtain the Hamiltonian as

\begin{matrix} true \\ right H & = & left \sum_{n} ℏ ω_{n} ({\hat{a}}_{n}^{+} {\overset{a}{true}}_{n} + \frac{1}{2}) \\ left + \frac{i}{2} \sum_{n m} ℏ \sqrt{\frac{ω_{n}}{ω_{m}}} ({\overset{a}{true}}_{n} - {\hat{a}}_{n}^{+}) M_{n m} ({\overset{a}{true}}_{m} + {\hat{a}}_{m}^{+}), \end{matrix}

where

{\hat{a}}_{n}

and

{\hat{a}}_{n}^{+}

are, respectively, the canonical annihilation and creation operators for the n th instantaneous eigenmode u n ( x , t ) in a cavity with resonant frequency ω n ( t ), and

M_{n m} false(t false) = false⟨ n false| \overset{m}{true} false⟩

= \int d x \cdot u_{n} (x, t) \cdot \frac{d}{d t} [u_{m} (x, t)]

describes the coupling strength between any two eigenmodes (see more detailed analysis in the ). From the Hamiltonian and the definition of the instantaneous annihilation/creation operator defined in Equation (S1.11, ), the evolution equation for the n th canonical annihilation operator can be obtained from

\frac{d}{d t} {\overset{a}{true}}_{n} = \frac{\partial}{\partial t} {\overset{a}{true}}_{n} + \frac{1}{i ℏ} false[{\hat{a}}_{n}, H false]

, which is

…”

Section: Temporally and Spatially Modulated Squid‐based Jtl Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Dynamic Casimir Effect in Temporally and Spatially Modulated Josephson Transmission Line

Miao

Xiang

et al. 2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Real photon pairs can be created in a dynamic cavity with an oscillating boundary or temporally modulated refractive index of the constituent medium. This effect is called dynamic Casimir effect (DCE), which represents one of the most amazing predictions of quantum field theory. The DCE has been experimentally observed in Josephson metamaterials embedded in a microwave cavity. However, the efficiency of the observed DCE is extremely weak, entailing a complex external signal enhancement process to detect the signal. Here, it is shown that the DCE can be drastically enhanced in a dynamic 1D cavity consisting of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)‐based Josephson transmission line with both temporal and spatial modulation on the effective inductance profile through flux‐biasing. Such a system can resonantly generate photons at driving frequencies equal to even or odd integer times of that of the fundamental cavity mode governed by the symmetry of the spatial modulation. Interesting spectral and scaling behaviors for photons excited at the band edge are further observed. The discovery introduces a new degree of freedom—spatial modulation—to enhance the efficiency of DCE.

show abstract

Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits

Cited by 1,133 publications

References 1,263 publications

Nondegenerate parametric oscillations in a tunable superconducting resonator

Nondegenerate parametric oscillations in a tunable superconducting resonator

Single-Shot Quantum Nondemolition Detection of Individual Itinerant Microwave Photons

Enhanced Dynamic Casimir Effect in Temporally and Spatially Modulated Josephson Transmission Line

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About