Microwave-optical transduction using high overtone bulk acoustic resonances

Abstract

We demonstrate efficient microwave-optical frequency conversion using a released HBAR-on-photonic damascene platform. Thermal tuning of coupled optical ring cavities with integrated heaters allows to operate in the triply resonant transduction scheme.

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“…Transducers mediated by BAR exhibit structural flexibility and have several demonstrated advantages, including high-frequency acoustic mode, low cooling requirements, and high bandwidth [39,91]. Furthermore, by selecting different piezoelectric materials and optimizing the structure (such as using a thinner optical waveguide), significant improvements in parameter values may be achieved, rendering them worthy of further research [39,91].…”

“…As depicted in Figure 6b, this structure has been used in the modular design of piezoelectric optomechanical systems, achieving both piezoelectric and Brillouin coupling in x-cut quartz, thus accomplishing bi-directional microwave-optical conversion with conversion efficiencies up to 10 −8 at C om exceeding one [39]. Blesin et al's [91] recent work has demonstrated significant progress, achieving a bandwidth of 25 MHz and a conversion efficiency of 1.6 × 10 −5 at room temperature. Moreover, they were able to generate nonclassical correlated microwave-optical photon pairs.…”

“…Utilizing different piezoelectric materials or optimizing the structure is expected to increase the existing C em by nearly two orders of magnitude (currently, C em ∼ 10 −7 ) [39]. If the thinner optical waveguide is used to reduce acoustic scattering losses, both the mechanical Q factor and the microwave extraction efficiency can be increased [91,92]. Additionally, this system can consist of components composed of different acoustic, optical, and microwave resonators, rather than an integrated nanomechanical platform.…”