Microwave measurements on dust, using an open resonator

Ahmed, Ishtiaque; Auchterlonie, L.J.

doi:10.1049/el:19760339

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Ahmed and Auchterlonie [2] made measurements at 10 GHz and this, together with standard reference texts on dielectrics, e.g. Von Hippel's MIT work [8], was the main source of information.…”

Section: Dielectric Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microwave open-resonator techniques have been used in recent years in order to obtain refractive-index data. Ahmed and Auchterlonie [2] have made measurements at 10 GHz, and Chu [3] has used these in order to predict attenuation data bounds at 10 GHz. Ghobrial et al [4] have attempted a similar prediction using a different method and have also highlighted the effects of moisture on the refractive index [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave propagation in sand and dust storms

Ansari

Evans

1982

IEE Proc. F Commun. Radar Signal Process. UK

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The theoretical prediction of propagation in precipitation conditions has received much attention in the literature, but in some parts of the world sand and dust storms occur more frequently. In the paper, we attempt to place bounds on the likely effects of sand and dust storms, particularly attenuation and depolarisation in the 3-37 GHz frequency range covering most of the existing and planned operational radio and satellite links. We show that attenuation and crosspolarisation effects are quite small in modest dry sand and dust storms with visibilities around 100 m for linear polarisation up to 37 GHz. However, significant attenuation and crosspolarisation can result in humid areas for circular polarisation and for bad storms with visibilities around 20 m and less.

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“…Ahmed and Auchterlonie [2] made measurements at 10 GHz and this, together with standard reference texts on dielectrics, e.g. Von Hippel's MIT work [8], was the main source of information.…”

Section: Dielectric Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave propagation in sand and dust storms

Ansari

Evans

1982

IEE Proc. F Commun. Radar Signal Process. UK

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“…Each slab represents a specific volume of particles with certain properties, such as particle size, density, and complex permittivity. He utilized the Rayleigh approximation, considering particles within a radius range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, and incorporated measurements obtained from Ahmed and Auchterlonie [105] at a frequency of 10 GHz. The mathematical expression was the sum of the extinction cross sections of sand spheres for frequencies up to 11 GHz (Eq 21).…”

Section: ) Single Particle Scattering: Spherical Shaped Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth and Martian Sand and Dust Storms: A Comprehensive Review of Attenuation Modelling and Measurements

Noreen,

Giannetti,

Lottici

2024

IEEE Access

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Sand and dust storms (SDS) are significant atmospheric phenomena that have a negative impact on wireless links operating at various frequencies. Specifically, sand and dust (SD) particles produce attenuation in propagating electromagnetic (EM) waves upon impact, which must be measured for the proper functioning of the fade mitigation strategy. The attenuation due to SDS can be reliably evaluated using specialized equipment. However, field experiments have been conducted in only a few locations and for a limited number of link geometries; therefore, the results are not immediately generalizable to all locations. Consequently, various attenuation models based on accessible meteorological data have been developed to provide sufficient inputs for system margin calculations under all environmental conditions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of an extensive set of Earth SDS attenuation models that differ based on various particle characteristics in terrestrial and space communication. Furthermore, we discuss how variables such as humidity and surface charges carried by the particles are addressed in the literature. We also provide the results of various field studies conducted in many parts of the world under diverse conditions to directly measure the influence of SDS on wireless communication systems. Dust is also a significant meteorological factor in the Martian atmosphere, where it affects the efficiency of the wireless sensor networks used by NASA's Mars Exploration Project. We explore how attenuation has been extrapolated in the Martian atmosphere. Additionally, we discuss future research challenges in SDS.INDEX TERMS Attenuation, Mie Scattering, Rayleigh Model, Sand and dust storm (SDS), Satellite communication.

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“…Most of prediction models that predict attenuation of MW and millimetre wave (MMW) that propagates via dust storm are based on hypothetical concepts such as single particle scattering theory. In contrast, most of mathematical models are based on Rayleigh approximation or Mie scattering theory (single particle scattering theory) and do not include the multiple scattering effect or mutual interaction phenomena TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control  Effects of humidity on sand and dust strom attenuation predictions based... (Eltahir Idris Eltahir Mohamed) 365 and depends only on approximations such as dust particle characteristics (shape, dielectric constants and size), visibility and frequency [10][11][12]. Furthermore, none of these models could provide reliable predictions compared to measured attenuation at different frequencies measured in desert areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the electrical characteristics of dust particles can vary for that reason [1]. The previous studies on microwave propagation via sand and dust storms were centered on either a low level of dust moisture or dry dust particles [10][11][12]. A recent study shows the permittivity of dust and sand samples are dependent on chemical composition of the sample, frequency and moisture content [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of humidity on sand and dust storm attenuation predictions based on 14 GHz measurement

et al. 2021

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Several models were proposed to predict the attenuation of microwave signals due to sand and dust storms. Those models were developed based on theoretical assumptions like Rayleigh approximation, Mie equations or numerical methods. This paper presents a comparison between attenuation predicted by three different theoretical models with measured attenuation at 14 GHz. Dielectric constant of dust particles is one of the important parameter in prediction models. This constant is estimated from measured dust samples and is utilized for predictions. All models are found largely underestimating the measurement. Humidity is also monitored and has been observed higher during dust storm. Hence dielectric constants are re-estimated with relative humidity conditions using available conversion model. The prediction has a great impact of humidity and predicted attenuations are found much higher in humid than dry dust condition. However, all models underestimate the measurement even considering 100% of relative humidity. Hence it is recommended to investigate the models by considering humidity and other environmental factors that change during dust storm.

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Microwave measurements on dust, using an open resonator

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Microwave propagation in sand and dust storms

Microwave propagation in sand and dust storms

Earth and Martian Sand and Dust Storms: A Comprehensive Review of Attenuation Modelling and Measurements

Effects of humidity on sand and dust storm attenuation predictions based on 14 GHz measurement

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