Microwave Measurement of Mesospheric Carbon Monoxide

Waters, J. W.; Wilson, William J.; Shimabukuro, F. I.

doi:10.1126/science.191.4232.1174

Cited by 59 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Since CO has a simple rotational spectrum in the microwave region with approximately equally spaced lines every 115 GHz, it can be observed using microwave radiometry. Emission spectra and respective vmr profiles of mesospheric CO have already been obtained by Waters et al (1976); Goldsmith et al (1979); Künzi and Carlson (1982). Since then, a number of ground-based microwave radiometers have been developed and used for studies covering various time periods in several locations, demonstrating the potential of analyses of CO datasets (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of strato-mesospheric CO above Kiruna with ground-based microwave radiometry – retrieval and satellite comparison

et al. 2011

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Abstract. CO serves as a tracer for dynamics in the polar winter middle atmosphere. This work presents the retrieval and the characterization of ground-based CO measurements from the winters 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 by the Kiruna microwave radiometer KIMRA, located in northern Sweden (67.8 • N, 20.4 • E). Furthermore, the dataset is used for an extensive comparison to the recent satellite instruments MLS on Aura, ACE-FTS, and MIPAS on Envisat.The vmr profiles are retrieved using the optimal estimation approach. A detailed analysis of the averaging kernel functions is carried out, showing sensitivity of the measurements between 40 and 80 km altitude, a vertical resolution of 16 to 22 km, as well as a residual influence of the region up to 130 km altitude. An error assessment reveals a total error of the retrieved profile that increases with altitude and is approx. ±0.1 ppmv at 50 km altitude and ±3 ppmv at 80 km altitude. The main contributions to this total error arise from the measurement noise and the uncertainty of the used temperature profiles. The expected dynamical features of the polar winter middle atmosphere are qualitatively identified in the retrieved time series, but are not quantitatively analyzed here.The dense MLS dataset is used to investigate the influence of the collocation criteria on the satellite comparison, showing that relaxing the distance criterion causes a high bias for MLS. The comparison including the other instruments is difficult because of the small number of coincidences. However, Correspondence to: C. G. Hoffmann (christoph.hoffmann@iup.physik.unibremen.de) it suggests that there is a general agreement between KIMRA and the satellite instruments below 65 km altitude, but a high bias for KIMRA above this altitude. Furthermore, the shape of the KIMRA profile appears to be systematically different from the satellite profiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of strato-mesospheric CO above Kiruna with ground-based microwave radiometry – retrieval and satellite comparison

et al. 2011

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“…Passive millimeter wave radiometry has been used to study properties of the atmosphere as early as in the 70ies (Waters, 1973;Waters et al, 1976). Rotational emissions of O 3 have been measured by Penfield et al (1976), but only in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere due to limited spectral bandwith.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ground-based MW radiometer OZORAM on Spitsbergen – description and status of stratospheric and mesospheric O<sub>3</sub>-measurements

Palm¹,

Hoffmann²,

Golchert³

et al. 2010

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract.This manuscript introduces the OZORAM ground-based millimeter wave radiometer. The instrument is deployed to the high Arctic (79 • N, 12 • E) for measurements of O 3 in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere.The publication describes the status of OZORAM in the end of 2010. OZORAM is able to provide profile information between 30 and 70 km altitude in time intervals of 1 h.To establish applications of the data and to investigate instrumental biases, the results from September 2008 till summer 2010 are compared to O 3 profiles derived from measurements of two instruments onboard polar orbiting satellites, MLS onboard EOS-AURA and SABER onboard TIMED. The agreement is within 10% in the middle and upper stratosphere and 30% in the lower mesosphere. The deviation shows systematic and oscillating features which are, however, constant during the period of comparison.The data set is therefore suitable for studies of mesospheric and stratospheric response to changes in dynamics or due to solar influences on climate.

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“…The requirement on optical thickness below 100 km is met by CO on the basis of independent ground based microwave data analyzed and reported by Waters et al (1976), on the other hand the large mixing ratio that is required to achieve appreciable optical depth below 100 km needs to be The second mechanism is really very shakey since it must compete with…”

Section: The Data Evaluation Effort Field Data Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Experiment and Auroral Data Evaluation to Improve Prediction of Nuclear Atmospheric Infrared Background.

Kumer¹,

James²

1979

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Microwave Measurement of Mesospheric Carbon Monoxide

Cited by 59 publications

References 14 publications

Observation of strato-mesospheric CO above Kiruna with ground-based microwave radiometry – retrieval and satellite comparison

Observation of strato-mesospheric CO above Kiruna with ground-based microwave radiometry – retrieval and satellite comparison

The ground-based MW radiometer OZORAM on Spitsbergen – description and status of stratospheric and mesospheric O<sub>3</sub>-measurements

Fluorescence Experiment and Auroral Data Evaluation to Improve Prediction of Nuclear Atmospheric Infrared Background.

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Microwave Measurement of Mesospheric Carbon Monoxide

Cited by 59 publications

References 14 publications

Observation of strato-mesospheric CO above Kiruna with ground-based microwave radiometry – retrieval and satellite comparison

Observation of strato-mesospheric CO above Kiruna with ground-based microwave radiometry – retrieval and satellite comparison

The ground-based MW radiometer OZORAM on Spitsbergen – description and status of stratospheric and mesospheric O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-measurements

Fluorescence Experiment and Auroral Data Evaluation to Improve Prediction of Nuclear Atmospheric Infrared Background.

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The ground-based MW radiometer OZORAM on Spitsbergen – description and status of stratospheric and mesospheric O<sub>3</sub>-measurements