Microwave irradiation treatment of wood flour and its application in PVC-wood flour composites

The surface properties of fast-growing poplar clones and their methyl methacrylate (MMA)-hardened wood related to potential end uses were investigated. Samples from 24 trees of six hybrid poplar clones in one plantation in Quebec were hardened with MMA. The effects of MMA hardening on the density and surface properties were studied. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that filling the voids in the wood structure was the main hardening mechanism. The incorporation of the polymer increased the density of all of the poplar clones by 120-160%. The Janka hardness was found to be 2.5-4 times higher in the treated poplar wood than in the untreated poplar wood. The treated wood also exhibited superior abrasion resistance compared to the controls. The results indicate that hardening with MMA improved the surface properties and that the MMA-hardened wood was comparable to natural hardwoods.

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“…Previous reports attributed the shift of AOH in treated wood samples to bond formation between the hydroxyl groups and MMA. 17,36 Density and PR…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface properties of methyl methacrylate hardened hybrid poplar wood

Koubaa

Ding

Chaala

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Operationalization refers to the process of forming indicators, indexes, or scales [109], whereby concepts are transformed into observable objects. During this process, the level of abstraction (concept) gradually drops to the level of experience (indicator) [110]. The research hypothesis must then be transformed from being abstract to being specific.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was completed through the empirical deduction method, which transforms abstract concepts into empirical indicators and deduces concrete hypotheses from research hypotheses. In this study, the operational definition of the variables stage is composed of the abstract definition of variables and the formation of comprehensive evaluation indicators [110]. This was followed by designing the initial questionnaire.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Factors Influencing the Mechanism of Property Management Enterprises’ Ecological Behavior in China

et al. 2022

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The ecological behavior of property management enterprises is crucial to the performance of green buildings. The understanding of property management enterprises’ ecological behavior, however, is rather limited. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanism of the affecting factors upon the ecological behavior of property management enterprises. The qualitative analysis method was used to collect and identify the influencing factors, which were further classified as those of stimulus, status, scenario, and result. A theoretical model of the action mechanism of influencing factors and related hypotheses has been constructed based on the planned behavior theory. The proposed hypotheses have been empirically analyzed by the quantitative analysis of a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that there are significant differences in ecological behavior implementation under different status factors, while the impact of enterprise nature on property management ecological behavior is not significant. Regarding the stimulus factors, market pressure and government regulation are the main external incentive factors. The scenario factors could be resistant forces and moderate the implementation of ecological behavior. For the result factors, property management enterprises pay attention to whether the implementation of ecological behavior can produce direct benefits. The research findings constitute valuable references for further development of the property management industry.

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“…Wood flour (WF), with high porosity and cavity, has been widely applied in the market of filled polymers [8][9][10]. The advantages of WF include its renewable nature, low density, high stiffness, abundant supply, and low cost [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ammonium Polyphosphate and Organic Modified Montmorillonite on Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Glycol/Wood-Flour-Based Phase Change Composites

et al. 2023

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With the depletion of fossil fuel energy and both the slow development and low utilization rate of new eco-friendly energy, finding new ways to efficiently store energy has become a research hotspot. Presently, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an excellent heat storage material, but it is a typical solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) with a risk of leakage during phase transition. A combination of wood flour (WF) and PEG can effectively eliminate the risk of leakage after the melting of PEG. However, WF and PEG are both flammable materials, which impedes their application. Therefore, it is of great significance to expand their application by forming composites from among PEG, supporting mediums, and flame-retardant additives. This will improve both their flame retardancy and phase change energy storage performance, and will also lead to the preparation of excellent flame-retardant phase change composite materials with solid-solid phase change characteristics. To address this issue, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT), and WF were blended into PEG in specific proportions to prepare a series of PEG/WF-based composites. Both thermal cycling tests and thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated that the as-prepared composites had good thermal reliability and chemical stability. In addition, during differential scanning calorimetry tests, the PEG/WF/8.0APP@2.0OMMT composite presented the highest melting latent heat (176.6 J/g), and its enthalpy efficiency reached more than 98.3%. The PEG/WF/8.0APP@2.0OMMT composite also exhibited superior thermal insulation performance when compared to the pure PEG/WF composite. Furthermore, the PEG/WF/8.0APP@2.0OMMT composite exhibited a significant 50% reduction in peak heat release rate as a result of the synergistic effect between OMMT and APP in the gas and condensed phases. This work offers a useful strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional phase-change material, which is expected to broaden its industrial applications.

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Microwave irradiation treatment of wood flour and its application in PVC-wood flour composites

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Surface properties of methyl methacrylate hardened hybrid poplar wood

Surface properties of methyl methacrylate hardened hybrid poplar wood

Research on the Factors Influencing the Mechanism of Property Management Enterprises’ Ecological Behavior in China

Effects of Ammonium Polyphosphate and Organic Modified Montmorillonite on Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Glycol/Wood-Flour-Based Phase Change Composites

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