Microwave initiated synthesis of polyacrylamide grafted Psyllium and its application as a flocculant

Sen, Gautam; Mishra, Sumit; Rani, G. Usha; Rani, Poonam; Prasad, Rajesh

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.12.014

Cited by 59 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Also, for the removal of suspended solids from the coal washery effluent, wastewater, and river water, flocculation aided by synthetic and semisynthetic flocculants continues to be a very effective strategy. 13,[15][16][17][18][19] Polyacrylamide is a polymer of acrylamide monomer. It is soluble in polar solvents and is nontoxic in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and application of novel polyacrylamide‐grafted barley

Sen

Mishra

Dey

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyacrylamide-grafted barley (BAR-g-PAM) was synthesized by ceric ion-based conventional method. The grafting of polyacrylamide chains on the polysaccharide backbone was confirmed through various physicochemical techniques such as intrinsic viscosity measurement, 13 C-NMR spectra, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy morphology, thermogravimetric analysis study, number-average molecular weight, and aqueous solubility. Furthermore, flocculation efficacy of the graft copolymers was studied in coal fine suspension through "jar test" procedure, toward its possible application as a novel flocculant for treatment of coal washery effluent. BAR-g-PAM is reported as a novel flocculant that can be used for bulk treatment of coal washery effluents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and application of novel polyacrylamide‐grafted barley

Sen

Mishra

Dey

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This was to ensure that the reaction temperature did not cross 70 °C. Microwave irradiation at 340W was performed for 10 min followed by 425W for 10 min [17]. The reaction mixture was cooled and precipitated by adding methanol followed by washing of precipitate with methanol to remove the unreacted thioglycolic acid.…”

Section: Thiolation By Microwave Assissted Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Mucoadhesive Derivative of Psyllium Seed Polysaccharide

Rao¹,

Gaikwad²,

Shevate³

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: In the present study, thiol-functionalization of psyllium seed polysaccharide (PSY) was cross-linked with thioglycolic acid by esterification in an attempt to reveal the mucoadhesive properties of thiolated psyllium seed polysaccharide (TPSY). Methods:The crosslinking was carried out by the microwave-assisted method. A simplex centroid design was employed to systematically study the mucoadhesive strength, mucoadhesive retention time and drug release profile. Comparative evaluation of carbopol-based ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) tablets containing PSY and TPSY was carried out. Acute oral toxicity studies and repeated oral toxicity for TPSY were also conducted.Results: Thiol-functionalization was confirmed by-SH stretch in Fourier Transform infra-red spectra at 2353 cm -1 . Thiolation was observed in thiolated PSY (TPSY) by a change in the surface morphology of psyllium from fibrous to granular and resulted in 82 %swelling in deionized water. TPSY was found to contain 102.35 mmol of thiol groups/g as determined by the Ellman's method. The percent increase in mucoadhesive strength of TPSY was found to be 50.31 % as compared to PSY and 128.30 % as compared to carbopol. The percent increase in mucoadhesive retention time of TPSY was found to be 110 % as compared to PSY and 50 % as compared to carbopol. Conclusion:Mucoadhesion strength and mucoadhesive retention time were greater of tablets containing a higher amount of TPSY. Further, the acute oral toxicity studies and repeated oral toxicity for TPSY proved it as non-toxic and hence safe for human use.

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“…85,102 Conventional redox, microwave-initiated and microwave-assisted grafting methods have been reported to have successfully synthesised plant-based grafted bio-flocculants. 93,[98][99][100] Figure 6 shows the synthesis of grafted copolymers of carboxymethyl starch (CMS), tamarind kernel polysaccharide (TKP), and sodium alginate (SAG) with acrylamide as monomer by using conventional, microwave-initiated and microwaveassisted method. 100 Figure 6.…”

Section: Grafting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…90,91 Recently, the common polymers such as polyacrylamide have been grafted onto the backbone of plant-based bio-polymers (Plantago ovata, Plantago psyllium and Tamarindus indica) and showed significant improved flocculating properties compared to ungrafted natural polysaccharides. [92][93][94] The flocculating performance of all the plant-based grafted bio-flocculants reported in literature is summarised in Table 4. …”

Section: Plant-based Grafted Bio-flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Development and Application of Plant-Based Bioflocculants and Grafted Bioflocculants

Lee

Chong

Robinson

et al. 2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Flocculation is extensively employed for clarification through sedimentation. Application of ecofriendly plant-based bio-flocculants in wastewater treatment has attracted significant attention lately with high removal capability in terms of solids, turbidity, colour and dye. However, moderate flocculating property and short shelf life restrict their development. In order to enhance the flocculating ability, natural polysaccharides derived from plants are chemically modified by inclusion of synthetic, non-biodegradable monomers (e.g. acrylamide) onto their backbone to produce grafted bio-flocculants. This review is aimed to provide an overview of the development and flocculating efficiencies of plant-based bio-flocculants and grafted bio-flocculants for the first time. Furthermore, the processing methods, flocculation mechanism and the current challenges are discussed. All the reported studies about plant-derived bio-flocculants are conducted under lab-scale conditions in wastewater treatment. Hence, the possibility to apply natural bio-flocculants in food and beverage, mineral, paper and pulp, oleo-chemical and biodiesel industries is discussed and evaluated.

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Microwave initiated synthesis of polyacrylamide grafted Psyllium and its application as a flocculant

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

Synthesis, characterization and application of novel polyacrylamide‐grafted barley

Synthesis, characterization and application of novel polyacrylamide‐grafted barley

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Mucoadhesive Derivative of Psyllium Seed Polysaccharide

A Review on Development and Application of Plant-Based Bioflocculants and Grafted Bioflocculants

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