Microwave Imaging of Breast Skin Utilizing Elliptical UWB Antenna and Reverse Problems Algorithm

Alani, Sameer; Zakaria, Zahriladha; Saeidi, Tale; Ahmad, Ahmad K.; Imran, Muhammad Ali

doi:10.3390/mi12060647

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This validation distinguishes it from previously cited works. 6,13,[30][31][32] The proposed ASMA uses a mono-static technique, considered simpler and easier to implement compared to multistatic radar-based MI approaches present in the literature. 30,31 The study also focuses on reconstructing tumor images (superficial/skin cancer detection) using different algorithms, compared to the cited works.…”

Section: Novelty Of the Proposed Asma For MI Of Skin Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,13,[30][31][32] The proposed ASMA uses a mono-static technique, considered simpler and easier to implement compared to multistatic radar-based MI approaches present in the literature. 30,31 The study also focuses on reconstructing tumor images (superficial/skin cancer detection) using different algorithms, compared to the cited works. 6,13,32 The T A B L E 5 Quality matrix of the reconstructed image using different beamforming algorithms.…”

Section: Novelty Of the Proposed Asma For MI Of Skin Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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In silico, in vitro, and in vivo validation of a microwave imaging system using a low‐profile Ultra Wide Band Archimedean spiral antenna to detect skin cancer

Kaur,

Kaur

2024

Int J Imaging Syst Tech

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Microwave imaging (MI) is a noninvasive and nonionizing procedure for detection of cancerous cells in healthy body tissues using radiofrequency (RF) and microwaves. The procedure involves the use of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antennas for sensing purposes. Therefore, this research article presents the design, development, and testing of a low‐profile UWB Archimedean spiral microstrip‐patch antenna (ASMA) for detection of skin cancer using monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging. The proposed ASMA consists of a spiral resonator with a defective ground structure and a slotted microstrip feed line with dimensions of 38 × 38 × 0.87 mm3. The proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth for the frequency range of 2.2–13.9 GHz, with a peak gain of 6.8 dB at 7.8 GHz. In silico analysis of the proposed ASMA for MI is carried out with Gaustav model using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. To validate the performance of the ASMA as a sensor for MI, a prototype of the same is fabricated and a four‐layered bio‐phantom of the human forearm is prepared for in vitro and in vivo testing of the proposed procedure. The validation of ASMA radiation properties is done using a Vector Network Analyser (E‐5063A) (VNA) and an anechoic chamber with the fabricated antenna at 10 mm away from the prepared bio‐phantom. The recorded S parameter data with bio‐phantom and the VNA is processed using different beamforming algorithms like Delay and Sum and Coherent Factor‐Delay Multiply and Sum (CF‐DMAS) to reconstruct the image of the scanned area. The reconstructed images are 97%–98% accurate. The proposed ASMA sensor is also safe for human exposure as it has a specific absorption rate of 0.0546 W/Kg at 5 GHz that complies with the safety guidelines of the Federal Communications Commission to minimize potential health risks associated with exposure to RF and microwave radiation.

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Section: Novelty Of the Proposed Asma For MI Of Skin Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Novelty Of the Proposed Asma For MI Of Skin Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico, in vitro, and in vivo validation of a microwave imaging system using a low‐profile Ultra Wide Band Archimedean spiral antenna to detect skin cancer

Kaur,

Kaur

2024

Int J Imaging Syst Tech

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“…Literature review in context to UWB antennas reveals that planar antennas with multiple substrates and electromagnetically coupled feeding provides more degree of freedom to the antenna designer in order to obtain the desired performance. [13][14][15]18,19 Thus this section presents the design of an ultra-wideband (UWB) SAMPA using a 3D EM tool, CST MWS Version 16 and is simulated using transient solver with hexahedral mesh settings. The proposed antenna consists of three layers of FR4 (commercially available Epoxy) substrate with a moderate permittivity of 4.4, loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.024 with a height (h) of 1.57 mm each with dimensions of 36 Â 30 Â 4.85 mm 3 .…”

Section: Antenna Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antenna Geometry and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro detection of skin cancer using an UWB stacked micro strip patch antenna with microwave imaging

Kaur

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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The inherent advantages of microwave imagining (MWI) being noninvasive and nonionizing for cancer detection, has attracted the attention of researchers in this area. Therefore, the present research article proposes an UWB (ultrawideband) stacked MSA (Micro-strip antenna) for MWI of skin cancer. The proposed research work precisely focuses on the diagnosis of skin cancer in human forearm using the designed MSA in mono-static radar based configuration to collect S parameter data and process it to form an image of the scanned body area. The proposed UWB SAMPA (stacked aperture coupled micro-strip patch antenna) has three layered stacked aperture coupled geometry with a defected ground structure with dimensions 36 Â 30 Â 4.85 mm 3 . A simulated and measured bandwidth of 6.23 GHz (6.14 to 12.37 GHz) and 5.28 GHz (5.72 to 11 GHz) are observed and a gain of 6.3 and 6.4 dB is reported respectively.The in vitro detection of skin cancer is done by fabricating a bio mimic of human forearm with same electrical properties as that of human skin. The proposed SAMPA is used to collect S parameter data from the scan of forearm phantom. This data is then processed in beamforming algorithms to create a 2D dielectric profile of the scanned forearm area. The multiply Delay and Sum with Coherent factor (CF-DMAS) beam forming algorithm is utilized for reconstruction of the 2D image of the cancerous effected area along with its locations and size in MATLAB. The proposed MWI procedure is validated experimentally with the prototype of proposed SAMPA and a human forearm phantom after simulations in CST MWS. The proposed SAMPA is also safe for the human exposure, as it has simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) on the forearm phantom of 1.013 and 1.09 at frequency 7.04 and 8.67 GHz respectively. K E Y W O R D Smicrowave imaging, multiply delay and sum with coherent factor, skin cancer, stacked aperture coupled micro strip antenna

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“…Most clinics and hospitals have these tools on hand. On the other side, microwave imaging-based technology has the alternative to replace costly and invasive screening procedures [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Furthermore, this technology is safe, durable, free of ionizing radiation exposure, and causes users less physical harm [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Intelligent Classifier for Early Breast Cancer Detection Using Ultra-Wide Band Transceiver

et al. 2022

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The death rate is high because of the lack of early signs. Due to the absence of a cure, immediate treatment is necessary to remove the cancerous cells and prolong life. For early breast cancer detection, it is crucial to propose a robust intelligent classifier with statistical feature analysis that considers parameter existence, size, and location. This paper proposes a novel Multi-Stage Feature Selection with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MSFS–BPSO) using Ultra-Wideband (UWB). A collection of 39,000 data samples from non-tumor and with tumor sizes ranging from 2 to 7 mm was created using realistic tissue-like dielectric materials. Subsequently, the tumor models were inserted into the heterogeneous breast phantom. The breast phantom with tumors was imaged and represented in both time and frequency domains using the UWB signal. Consequently, the dataset was fed into the MSFS–BPSO framework and started with feature normalization before it was reduced using feature dimension reduction. Then, the feature selection (based on time/frequency domain) using seven different classifiers selected the frequency domain compared to the time domain and continued to perform feature extraction. Feature selection using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is able to distinguish between class-correlated data. Finally, the optimum feature subset was selected using a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifier with the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) method. The research findings found that the MSFS–BPSO method has increased classification accuracy up to 96.3% and given good dependability even when employing an enormous data sample.

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Microwave Imaging of Breast Skin Utilizing Elliptical UWB Antenna and Reverse Problems Algorithm

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

In silico, in vitro, and in vivo validation of a microwave imaging system using a low‐profile Ultra Wide Band Archimedean spiral antenna to detect skin cancer

In silico, in vitro, and in vivo validation of a microwave imaging system using a low‐profile Ultra Wide Band Archimedean spiral antenna to detect skin cancer

In vitro detection of skin cancer using an UWB stacked micro strip patch antenna with microwave imaging

Optimized Intelligent Classifier for Early Breast Cancer Detection Using Ultra-Wide Band Transceiver

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