Microwave extraction of organochlorine pesticides from soils

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to develop a rapid, reliable and sensitive method for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides from soils using microwave energy with closed vessel technology. Three oven programs were assayed with two different solvent mixtures in order to achieve adequate experimental conditions for the complete extraction of organochlorine pesticides from the matrix. The method was validated using a certified reference soil material (CRM804-050).

Development of pressurized liquid extraction and cleanup procedures for determination of organochlorine pesticides in soils

“…The results obtained have confidence intervals that overlap or include the confidence interval of the certified material, except for ␥-HCH and especially for ␣-endosulfan whose concentrations obtained are lower than the certified contents ( Table 2). Similar values were obtained for these compounds, and for the others when the same material was extracted by microwave-assisted extraction [1 g, 100-800 W in 2 min, and then 8 min at 800 W; 10 mL hexane-acetone (1:1 v/v)] and by Soxhlet [1 g, 20 h, hexane-acetone (1:1 v/v)] [18] ( Table 2). The standard deviations of the method are satisfactory (RSD lower than 10% for all the pesticides except aldrin).…”

“…Once introduced in the cell, the mix was spiked at 0.1 g g −1 level, with 100 L of 1 g mL −1 standard pesticide solution. As extraction solvent, a mixture hexane-acetone 1:1 (v/v) was selected for all the experiments because its efficiency in the extraction of organochlorine pesticides has been demonstrated in previous works [4,12,18]. The ASE 200 extractor was operated in preheating mode (the cell is introduced in the heated oven before the solvent is introduced).…”

Development of a one-step microwave-assisted extraction procedure for highly efficient extraction of multiclass fungicides in soils

“…2,10 However, these methods usually generate too much solvent waste and are also labor intensive and time consuming. 10 Recently, a number of alternative methods such as solid phase microextraction (SPME), 11,12 supercritical uid extraction (SFE), [13][14][15] pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), [16][17][18] ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE), 2,4,10 and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) 7,8,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] have been commonly used for the extraction of pesticides in soil. MAE was introduced in 1986 by Ganzler et al 27 and has been successfully applied to extract organic compounds from various solid and liquid matrices.…”

Microwave-assisted extraction of trichloroethylene from clay samples

“…MAE carried out in sealed, pressure-resistant vessels has the potential to shorten this time even further, as it allows the extraction process to be carried out at elevated temperatures without losses of volatile analytes [19]. The method has been successfully applied for the extraction of selected organic analytes from soils and sediments, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans, phenols, pesticides, and phthalate esters [15,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, to the best of our knowledge, application of this method for the extraction of VOCs from low-permeability media (including clay) has not been reported thus far.…”