Microwave-driven multipurpose ion source

Jayamanna, K.; Yuan, D.; Kuo, T.; McDonald, M.; Schmor, P. W.; Dutto, G.

doi:10.1063/1.1146758

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Another attractive solution would be a microwave H -ion source, as described by Jayamanna et al [47]. The source has been tested for H -and achieved 2.1 mA at 0.25π mm mrad normalized emittance for 500 W of input power at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.…”

Section: Planned Efforts To Increase Beam Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Production of 99mTc via 100Mo(p,2n) on Small Medical Cyclotrons

Schaffer

Bénard

Bernstein³

et al. 2015

Physics Procedia

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From the efforts of a number of Canadian institutions and private industry collaborations, direct production of 99m Tc using medical cyclotrons has recently been advanced from a 1970's academic exercise to a commercial, economically viable solution for regional production. Using GE PETtrace 880 machines our team has established preliminary saturated yields of 2.7 GBq/μA, translating to approximately 174 GBq after a 6 hour irradiation. The team is in the process of assessing the accuracy and reliability of this production value with a goal of optimizing yields by up to 50%.

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Section: Planned Efforts To Increase Beam Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Production of 99mTc via 100Mo(p,2n) on Small Medical Cyclotrons

Schaffer

Bénard

Bernstein³

et al. 2015

Physics Procedia

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“…[14][15][16][17] The discharge is electrodeless, clean and a stable plasma can be obtained, with possibilities for higher currents. Due to these advantages, there are several ongoing researches worldwide to develop microwave-driven negative ion sources, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] such as the 2.45 GHz ion source at CEA (Sacley) which relies on parallel (k jj B) launching of waves along an axial magnetic field, 19 where the right and left circularly polarized waves can arise, and the Ecole Polytechnique source where the waves are launched using antennas. 20 Efficient volume production of negative ions in a plasma is achieved by dissociative attachment, 26,27 where low energy electrons attach to vibrationally excited neutral molecules and produce negative ions, as shown in Eqs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing upper hybrid resonance for high density plasma production and negative ion generation in a downstream region

Sahu¹,

Bhattacharjee²

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Localized wave-induced resonances are created by microwaves launched directly into a multicusp (MC) plasma device in the k ⊥ B mode, where k is the wave vector and B is the static magnetic field. The resonance zone is identified as upper hybrid resonance (UHR), and lies r = ∼22 mm away from the MC boundary. Measurement of radial wave electric field intensity confirms the right hand cutoff of the wave (r = 22.5–32.1 mm) located near the UHR zone. A sharp rise in the corresponding electron temperature in the resonance region by ∼13 eV from its value away from resonance at r = 0, is favorable for the generation of vibrationally excited molecules of hydrogen. A transverse magnetic filter allows cold electrons (∼1–2 eV) to pass into the downstream region where they generate negative ions by dissociative attachment. Measurements of electron energy distribution function (EEDF) support the viewpoint. H− current density of ∼0.26 mA/cm2 is obtained at a wave power density of ∼3 W/cm2 at 2.0 mTorr pressure, which agrees reasonably well with results obtained from a steady state model using particle balance equations.

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“…Two-or multi-stage ion sources have been described more than 40 years ago [7,8], and coupling of an rf driven plasma generator with a conventional dc ion source had been suggested in a review paper [9]. The electrode-less discharge technique associated with Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources is in principle convenient for H -ion sources as well, but so far only modest plasma densities have been achieved, allowing to extract beam currents below 5 mA [10] or less [11,12] as compared to 61 mA needed for 3-MW operation of the SNS. On the other hand, tests of a two-chamber source for positive ions with a microwave-driven plasma cathode were very successful and achieved 110 mA Ar + as well as 43 mA of oxygen ions where the discharge could be maintained for 50 hrs [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Ion Source Concept for a Proton Driver Front End

Keller¹,

Luft²,

Regis³

et al. 2005

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract.A novel concept for creating intense beams of negative hydrogen ion beams has been devised, and first steps towards its realization have been taken. In this approach, an ECR plasma generator operating at 2.45 GHz frequency is utilized as a plasma cathode, and electrons are extracted instead of ions and injected at moderate energy into an SNStype multi-cusp H -ion source. This secondary source is then driven by chopped d. c. power, rather than rf power, but does not need filaments which are the cause for the rather short lifetime of conventional H -sources. The development of this ion source is primarily aimed at the future beam-power goal of 3 MW for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) [1] that will be pursued after the start of SNS operations. The first two phases of this development effort have been successfully passed: assembly of a test stand and verification of the performance of an rf-driven SNS ion-source prototype and extraction of electrons with more than 200 mA current from a 2.45-GHz ECR ion source obtained on loan from Argonne National Laboratory. An electron-extraction chamber that joins these ECR and H -sources has been fabricated, and the next goal is the demonstration of actual H -ion production by this novel, hybrid ion source. This paper describes the source principle and design in detail, reports on the current status of the development work, and gives an outlook on future lines of development.

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Microwave-driven multipurpose ion source

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Direct Production of 99mTc via 100Mo(p,2n) on Small Medical Cyclotrons

Direct Production of 99mTc via 100Mo(p,2n) on Small Medical Cyclotrons

Utilizing upper hybrid resonance for high density plasma production and negative ion generation in a downstream region

A Hybrid Ion Source Concept for a Proton Driver Front End

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