Microwave detection and quantification of water hidden in and on building materials: implications for healthy buildings and microbiome studies

Horsley, Andrew; Thaler, David S.

doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3720-1

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In larger radar scenes, it would also be feasible to use individual HR tag cells fitted with an independent power source and with a radio data link for switching control to perform complex measurement tasks, such as wall material composition, structure and moisture analysis radar [32][33][34], and precise position monitoring of assets such as glacier movement or bridge vibration analysis [35,36] in harmonic CW doppler radar mode without impairment by clutter.…”

Section: Upcoming Measurements With the Simo Hr System And Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

First SIMO Harmonic Radar Based on the SFCW Concept and the HR Transfer Function

2021

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This paper presents a new SIMO radar system based on a harmonic radar (HR) stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW) architecture. Simple tags that can be electronically individually activated and deactivated via a DC control voltage were developed and combined to form an MO array field. This HR operates in the entire 2.45 GHz ISM band for transmitting the illumination signal and receives at twice the stimulus frequency and bandwidth centered around 4.9 GHz. This paper presents the development, the basic theory of a HR system for the characterization of objects placed into the propagation path in-between the radar and the reflectors (similar to a free-space measurement with a network analyzer) as well as first measurements performed by the system. Further detailed measurement series will be made available later on to other researchers to develop AI and machine learning based signal processing routines or synthetic aperture radar algorithms for imaging, object recognition, and feature extraction. For this purpose, the necessary information is published in this paper. It is explained in detail why this SIMO-HR can be an attractive solution augmenting or replacing existing systems for radar measurements in production technology for material under test measurements and as a simplified MIMO system. The novel HR transfer function, which is a basis for researchers and developers for material characterization or imaging algorithms, is introduced and metrologically verified in a well traceable coaxial setup.

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Section: Upcoming Measurements With the Simo Hr System And Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

First SIMO Harmonic Radar Based on the SFCW Concept and the HR Transfer Function

2021

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“…Microwave-based sensing is again promising, due to its through-wall imaging capability and ability to provide sufficient spatial resolution [82] (unlike radiation of longer wavelengths). Microwave sensors for water can be based on the scattering of microwaves generated by an external source, as discussed in this issue [83], with holographic techniques able to provide 3D reconstructions of scattering objects [84,85]. In the short to medium term, single-channel point-sensors could be developed, with imaging performed by scanning the sensor.…”

Section: Toward Mapping the 3d Topography Of Relevant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision public health to inhibit the contagion of disease and move toward a future in which microbes spread health

2019

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Antimicrobial resistance continues to outpace the development of new chemotherapeutics. Novel pathogens continue to evolve and emerge. Public health innovation has the potential to open a new front in the war of “our wits against their genes” (Joshua Lederberg). Dense sampling coupled to next generation sequencing can increase the spatial and temporal resolution of microbial characterization while sensor technologies precisely map physical parameters relevant to microbial survival and spread. Microbial, physical, and epidemiological big data could be combined to improve prospective risk identification. However, applied in the wrong way, these approaches may not realize their maximum potential benefits and could even do harm. Minimizing microbial-human interactions would be a mistake. There is evidence that microbes previously thought of at best “benign” may actually enhance human health. Benign and health-promoting microbiomes may, or may not, spread via mechanisms similar to pathogens. Infectious vaccines are approaching readiness to make enhanced contributions to herd immunity. The rigorously defined nature of infectious vaccines contrasts with indigenous “benign or health-promoting microbiomes” but they may converge. A “microbial Neolithic revolution” is a possible future in which human microbial-associations are understood and managed analogously to the macro-agriculture of plants and animals. Tradeoffs need to be framed in order to understand health-promoting potentials of benign, and/or health-promoting microbiomes and infectious vaccines while also discouraging pathogens. Super-spreaders are currently defined as individuals who play an outsized role in the contagion of infectious disease. A key unanswered question is whether the super-spreader concept may apply similarly to health-promoting microbes. The complex interactions of individual rights, community health, pathogen contagion, the spread of benign, and of health-promoting microbiomes including infectious vaccines require study. Advancing the detailed understanding of heterogeneity in microbial spread is very likely to yield important insights relevant to public health.

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“…In this approach, there is an obvious need for accessing both sides of the measured object. Moreover, the calibration procedure is complicated here, and the method is sensitive to object thickness as well as the distance of antennas to the sample [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Moist Material Relative Permittivity Readouts Using the Non-Invasive Reflectometric Sensors and Microwave Antenna

Suchorab

Tabiś²,

Brzyski

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The article concerns the issue of non-invasive moisture sensing in building materials. Two techniques that enable evaluating the value of the relative permittivity of the material, being the measure of porous material moisture, have been utilized for the research. The first is the microwave technique that utilizes the non-contact measurement of velocity of microwave radiation across the tested material and the second is the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique based on the measurement of electromagnetic pulse propagation time along the waveguides, being the elements of sensor design. The tested building material involved samples of red ceramic brick that differed in moisture, ranging between 0% and 14% moisture by weight. The main goal of the research was to present the measuring potential of both techniques for moisture evaluation as well as emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Within the research, it was stated that both methods provide similar measuring potential, with a slight advantage in favor of a microwave non-contact sensor over surface TDR sensor designs.

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Microwave detection and quantification of water hidden in and on building materials: implications for healthy buildings and microbiome studies

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

First SIMO Harmonic Radar Based on the SFCW Concept and the HR Transfer Function

First SIMO Harmonic Radar Based on the SFCW Concept and the HR Transfer Function

Precision public health to inhibit the contagion of disease and move toward a future in which microbes spread health

Comparison of the Moist Material Relative Permittivity Readouts Using the Non-Invasive Reflectometric Sensors and Microwave Antenna

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