Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of Pd Oxide‐rich Pd Particles on Nitrogen/Sulfur Co‐Doped Graphene with Remarkably Enhanced Ethanol Electrooxidation

Zhang, J. X.; Yang, Yuting; Shao, Hui; Tseng, Chien-Chao; Wang, D. S.; Tian, Sisi; Hu, Wenjing; Jing, Chuan; Tian, Jianniao; Zhao, Yi

doi:10.1002/fuce.201600153

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Zhang et al . 30 have reported that the introduced nitrogen and sulfur co-doping could generate abundant active sites on the graphene surface supported Pd nanoparticles (Pd/NS-rGO) and the Pd/NS-rGO catalyst also reveals superior anti-poisoning ability and amazing stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd supported on carbon containing nickel, nitrogen and sulfur for ethanol electrooxidation

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Fuel cells are widely recognized as very attractive devices to obtain directly electric energy through an electrochemical reaction between anode and cathode 1 . Among the power sources, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have been extensively investigated and proposed to be used as mobile applications 2 . Compared to methanol, ethanol is a promising alternative fuel with less toxicity. Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have been extensive studied by many research groups [3][4][5][6] . As emerging technologies, DEFCs have many challenges that need to be addressed. One of the major hurdles of the DEFCs is the ethanol electrooxidation reaction which exists slow sluggish kinetics due to the twelve-electron transfer process 7,8 . Platinum (Pt) and Pt-based nanoparticles have been generally used as the acceptable anode materials for the electrooxidation of liquid fuels such as methanol and ethanol 9-11 . Unfortunately, high cost and susceptible to poisoning by CO make it practically impossible to be an ideal candidate at a commercial level. Therefore, exploring cost-effective and catalytically active materials is of great interest to study.Compared with Pt, palladium (Pd) has numerous advantages in the DEFCs 9,10,12-15 . Xu and Shen 9,16 firstly found that Pd-based catalysts have remarkable activity for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media in 2006. However, it is still necessary to decrease the dosage of Pd and lower the catalyst cost. Lots of methods have been proposed such as modifying Pd particles with transition metal oxides including NiO, MnO 2 , MoO 3 , CeO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , CuO and TiO 2 10, [16][17][18][19] . Among such transition metal oxides, NiO nanoparticles can improve the oxidation kinetics and reduce the poisoning of Pd/C, due to the excellent capacity to transport surface lattice oxygen and OH ads 10,20,21 . However, general routes to synthesize NiO nanoparticles are usually on the surface of carbon materials, which lead to heterogeneous dispersion and even result in the surface shed off. Thus, it is urgent to choose a template to arrange the growth of transition metal oxides. Recently, porous carbon materials synthesized by directly annealing coordination compounds especially metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess ultrahigh surface area and periodic network of highly ordered three-dimensional framework structure, which are highly desirable as stable supports to load precious metals [22][23][24][25] .Here, we used the vanillic thiosemicarbazone ligand (L = C 9 H 10 N 3 O 2 S) including N and S heteroatoms and its coordination compound NiL 2 as precursors to obtain porous carbon materials containing nickel, nitrogen and

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd supported on carbon containing nickel, nitrogen and sulfur for ethanol electrooxidation

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…[143] The resultantp orousa nd lamellar morphology depends significantly on the nitrification treatment. Typically,d ual doping of GO with heteroatoms can be realized by hydrothermal [96,138,146] and solvothermal methods. [143] Te mplate methods are useful in constructing electrocatalysts with ap orous morphology.T he traditional template is silica SBA-15;i ts porous structure and easy washout properties facilitate its use in catalytic synthesis, as detailed in Yuan's work.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods For Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[143] Te mplate methods are useful in constructing electrocatalysts with ap orous morphology.T he traditional template is silica SBA-15;i ts porous structure and easy washout properties facilitate its use in catalytic synthesis, as detailed in Yuan's work. The precursors for the heteroatomsv ary and include ammoniumc hloride for N, [138] sodium cyanide for S, [138] and some multifunctional precursorsi ncludingi midazolium borate, [147] cysteamine hydrochloride, [134b] sulfocarbamide, [146] ammonium thiocyanate, [148] and thiacetamide. [145] The introduction of heteroatoms can be performed after a carbon substrate has already been synthesized.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods For Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grapheneo xide (GO) plays the most significant role in most recently reported syntheses. Typically,d ual doping of GO with heteroatoms can be realized by hydrothermal [96,138,146] and solvothermal methods. [134b, 147] Dimethylformamide (DMF) is frequently used to disperse GO in solvothermal methods.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods For Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[134b, 147] Dimethylformamide (DMF) is frequently used to disperse GO in solvothermal methods. The precursors for the heteroatomsv ary and include ammoniumc hloride for N, [138] sodium cyanide for S, [138] and some multifunctional precursorsi ncludingi midazolium borate, [147] cysteamine hydrochloride, [134b] sulfocarbamide, [146] ammonium thiocyanate, [148] and thiacetamide. [96] Notably,t he temperature required for hydrothermal and solvothermalt reatments is significantly lower than that required for annealing methods, which may be considered as an advantage of these methods.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods For Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stable and Efficient Nitrogen‐Containing Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Reactions in Energy‐Conversion Systems

et al. 2018

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High activity and stability are crucial for the practical use of electrocatalysts in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water electrolysis, including the oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxidation reactions of formic acid and alcohols. Electrocatalysts based on nitrogen-containing carbon (N-C) materials show promise in catalyzing these reactions; however, there is no systematic review of strategies for the engineering of active and stable N-C-based electrocatalysts. Herein, a comprehensive comparison of recently reported N-C-based electrocatalysts regarding both electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability is presented. In the first part of this review, the relationships between the electrocatalytic reactions and selection of the element to modify the N-C-based materials are discussed. Afterwards, synthesis methods for N-C-based electrocatalysts are summarized, and strategies for the synthesis of highly stable N-C-based electrocatalysts are presented. Multiple tables containing data on crucial parameters for both electrocatalytic activity and stability are displayed in this review. Finally, constructing M-N moieties is proposed as the most promising engineering strategy for stable N-C-based electrocatalysts.

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Nitrogen‐doped graphene prepared by low‐temperature thermal treatment as an electrocatalyst support for methanol oxidation

2021

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In this study, functionalized graphene is used as a carbon-based material to support platinum-ruthenium bimetallic nanoparticles and to improve methanol oxidation reaction activity due to the enhanced physical and electrical properties of graphene. First, surface oxidation is used for creating oxygen functional groups, and then nitrogen doping by thermal treatment with ammonia as the nitrogen precursor. Platinum-ruthenium alloy nanoparticles are dispersed by the impregnation reduction method on the support materials. The final nanocomposite samples contain 8% of oxygen and 3% of nitrogen. Compared to PtRu/GNS and PtRu/CB, the PtRu/NO-GNS catalyst indicates 1.25 and 1.3 times higher surface area, and 2.3 and 4 times higher electrochemical surface area, respectively. The highest methanol oxidation current density of 305 mA/mg and 262 mA/mg is obtained for platinum-ruthenium supported on nitrogen-doped graphene and nitrogen-doped oxidized graphene, which is 2.9 and 2.5 times higher than that for PtRu/GNS, respectively. It is revealed that the nitrogen-doped samples have shown greater activity and long-term stability than other electrocatalysts, including the widely used carbon black supported catalyst.Hence, this work reports the performance of an efficient alternative electrocatalyst with practical application in direct methanol fuel cells.

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Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of Pd Oxide‐rich Pd Particles on Nitrogen/Sulfur Co‐Doped Graphene with Remarkably Enhanced Ethanol Electrooxidation

Cited by 17 publications

References 62 publications

Pd supported on carbon containing nickel, nitrogen and sulfur for ethanol electrooxidation

Pd supported on carbon containing nickel, nitrogen and sulfur for ethanol electrooxidation

Stable and Efficient Nitrogen‐Containing Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Reactions in Energy‐Conversion Systems

Nitrogen‐doped graphene prepared by low‐temperature thermal treatment as an electrocatalyst support for methanol oxidation

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