Microwave-assisted synthesis of nanostructured tin sulfide as a highly efficient visible-light active photocatalyst: Characterization, applications, and theoretical studies

Mohammadi, Ladan; Fazaeli, Reza; Khodadadi, Zahra

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114909

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The experimental destruction efficiency under these conditions was found to be 91%, which is not significantly different from the DOE results. The catalyst activity obtained from this synthesis was reported in comparison with similar cobalt sulfide catalysts in Table (8).…”

Section: Doe Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the initial step of most catalytic reactions involves surface adsorption of the catalyst, various isotherm models were adopted to find the best non-linear model based on error minimization. Considering the tests conducted at different concentrations (4,6,8,10,12), a constant pH of 9 and a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius were maintained throughout the experiments, and after 90 minutes, the concentration oscillations were nearly negligible. Therefore, this time was considered as the equilibrium time.…”

Section: Isotherm Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods such as activated carbon adsorption, chemical oxidation [3], air stripping, coagulation [4], filtration [5], and biological treatment [6] have been proposed. One of the current concerns is the presence of reactive and dispersant dyes, such as methylene blue [7,8], in textile wastewater. Disperse dyes are a type of textile dye that belongs to the chemical classes of anthraquinone, azo, and nitro, with a limited number of disperse dyes containing amino groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterojunction PdO/CoS as a High-Performance Visible-Light Active Photocatalyst Elimination of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Media

Alinezhad,

Fazaeli,

Moghadamzadeh

et al. 2024

Catal Surv Asia

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In this research, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye was investigated using cobalt sulfide and palladium oxide nanoparticles, as well as the composite PdO/CoS, under visible light irradiation. The structural and morphological properties were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Mott-Schottky analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hexagonal structure was observed for cobalt sulfide, and the XRD analysis revealed a multi-faceted structure for the composite. The Mott-Schottky analysis confirmed the formation of a p-n heterojunction, and the flat band potential values for the n-type and p-type semiconductors were found to be -1 and 1.3, respectively. The bandgap of the composite was determined to be 3 eV using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). Various conditions such as temperature and pH, as well as the percentage of palladium doping, significantly influenced the degradation of methylene blue. Both CoS and PdO alone exhibited some degradation ability, but when palladium oxide was deposited on cobalt sulfide to form the composite, a remarkable 91% degradation efficiency was achieved. When 0.1 grams of the synthesized composite was used for 90 minutes, it successfully degraded 91% of methylene blue with an initial concentration of 10 ppm. In the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach, the optimum conditions for this research were found to be a catalyst mass of 0.06 g, an initial dye concentration of 8 ppm, and 2% palladium doping at pH 10, resulting in a 92.38% degradation efficiency in 110 minutes. To model the degradation of methylene blue using the synthesized composite, the Fritz-Schlunder and Koble-Corrigan models achieved the highest correlation coefficients (0.995 and 0.992, respectively) and the lowest error functions (0.024, 0.0008) and (0.032, 0.002), respectively. Additionally, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Intra-particle diffusion control kinetic models showed the highest correlation coefficient (98%). In summary, the study demonstrated that the PdO/CoS composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation, and the optimized conditions resulted in high degradation efficiency. The proposed kinetic models provided valuable insights into the degradation mechanism of methylene blue using the synthesized composite.

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Section: Doe Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isotherm Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterojunction PdO/CoS as a High-Performance Visible-Light Active Photocatalyst Elimination of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Media

Alinezhad,

Fazaeli,

Moghadamzadeh

et al. 2024

Catal Surv Asia

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“…[17,18] Various theoretical methods have been applied to investigate the optical, electronic, and structural properties of tin sulfide. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The approach of inducing the Hubbard parameter (U), on any phase of SnS, for the band gap correction, is not reported yet. In this work, the computational approach, combined with experiment, is used to investigate the electronic and optical properties and to analyze the suitability of SnS as a photocatalytic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously different strategies were implemented to tune the band gap via external doping and creating heterostructure to suppress electron‐hole recombination rate upon irradiation [29] . The motivation comes from their abundance in the earth natural resources, high enough absorption coefficient, narrow band gap for electron‐hole recombination and exceptional stability [30,31] . SnS exhibits a very narrow and small band gap, due to this, it exhibits high electron‐hole recombination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Electronic Structure of SnS for Photocatalytic Applications: A DFT Approach^†

Ali,

Rauf,

Ali

2024

ChemistrySelect

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Photocatalytic materials are of great scientific interest due to their potential applications in sustainable energy sources. Band gap and optical absorption of the materials are two core characteristics for photocatalysis that eventually depend on electronic structure. In order to accurately compute (predict) the electronic‐scale properties of a crystalline solid using first principles calculations, which might be costly to measure experimentally, large‐scale atomic level calculation frameworks have been made possible through the use of density functional theory (DFT). We have used DFT with many body perturbation theory (MBPT) by solving the bethe‐salpeter equation (BSE) to priorly predict the properties of bulk tin sulfide (SnS) as it meets the necessary requirements for photocatalytic applications. We fixed the DFT band gap underestimation by including the Hubbard parameter (U) and used projector augmented wave pseudo‐potentials with generalized‐gradient approximation (GGA) to calculate the electronic and optical properties of SnS. Optical properties were computed using independent particle approximation (IPA) and BSE with DFT+U wave functions. Our theoretical results align with experimental data for this material, demonstrating the potential for further research in validating experimental results with theoretical approximations and empirical relations.

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New insights into visible light active SnS semiconductor for the elimination of methylene blue: RSM and DFT approaches

Mohammadi,

Khodadadi,

Fazaeli

2024

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Microwave-assisted synthesis of nanostructured tin sulfide as a highly efficient visible-light active photocatalyst: Characterization, applications, and theoretical studies

Cited by 4 publications

References 71 publications

Heterojunction PdO/CoS as a High-Performance Visible-Light Active Photocatalyst Elimination of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Media

Heterojunction PdO/CoS as a High-Performance Visible-Light Active Photocatalyst Elimination of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Media

Unveiling the Electronic Structure of SnS for Photocatalytic Applications: A DFT Approach^†

New insights into visible light active SnS semiconductor for the elimination of methylene blue: RSM and DFT approaches

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Microwave-assisted synthesis of nanostructured tin sulfide as a highly efficient visible-light active photocatalyst: Characterization, applications, and theoretical studies

Cited by 4 publications

References 71 publications

Heterojunction PdO/CoS as a High-Performance Visible-Light Active Photocatalyst Elimination of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Media

Heterojunction PdO/CoS as a High-Performance Visible-Light Active Photocatalyst Elimination of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Media

Unveiling the Electronic Structure of SnS for Photocatalytic Applications: A DFT Approach†

New insights into visible light active SnS semiconductor for the elimination of methylene blue: RSM and DFT approaches

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Product

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Unveiling the Electronic Structure of SnS for Photocatalytic Applications: A DFT Approach^†