Microwave Assisted Reactions in Organic Chemistry: A Review of Recent Advances

Abstract

Revolution in organic compound synthesis has been promoted by microwave assisted organic syntheses (MAOS) by which small molecules are built up into large polymers in a fraction of time. The need for different organic compound libraries for drug discovery, biomaterial development, automated library screening; proteomics etc has supported the emergence of innovative technologies for rapid combinatorial organic synthesis using MAOS synthesis. In previous reviews on this subject the focus of MAOS has been on the process of MAOS reactions rather than the importance given to the related applications. This review focuses on solid-phase synthesis, biopolymer synthesis, applications in proteomics, parallel processing in microwave reactors and automated library generation by means of sequential microwave irradiation methods. This article has discussed the different applications of Microwave assisted synthesis of organic polymeric compounds most thoroughly by focusing on aspects of speed, reproducibility and scalability. From this review it is clearly identified that independent on the type of organic material, data consistently points out to MW as a novel and powerful tool which has enable synthesis of a number of new compounds and presents the need for future research in this area.

Hydrothermal liquefaction of Malaysia's algal biomass for high‐quality bio‐oil production

“…The encouragement of microwave‐assisted reactions in organic chemistry has improved the speed, reduced energy and cost spent, brings it to become a sustainable process and are continuously encouraged until today's applications to reduce the non‐renewable resources as well as polluting solvent, and to minimise secondary toxic products generation and reduce harmful gases emission . Microwave‐assisted reactions in organic chemistry attain the same by faster reactions under bulk conditions and reducing the reaction time . Scientists investigate the microwave dielectric heating mechanism and identify the advantages of the chemical synthesis .…”

“…Microwave-assisted reactions in organic chemistry attain the same by faster reactions under bulk conditions and reducing the reaction time [119,124]. Scientists investigate the microwave dielectric heating mechanism and identify the advantages of the chemical synthesis [126].…”

Microwave-promoted synthesis of cyclic imides

“…Some of the novel areas in which MAOS has been applied are solid-phase synthesis, biopolymer synthesis, proteomics, parallel processing in microwave reactors and automated library generation by means of sequential microwave irradiation methods. 62 Since the first reports in 1986, 63,64 the use of the MW heating technique has become an essential tool in all areas of organic synthesis. The use of MW-assisted reactions in organic chemistry has reduced the cost, and time and energy requirements.…”

“…Employment of this novel strategy has given rise to the so-called "Green Chemistry", and the application of such strategy is now fostered to minimize the use of nonrenewable resources as well as polluting solvents, which are known to generate secondary toxic products, and to reduce the emission of harmful gases. 62 In the context of the Green Chemistry, 65,66 solvent-free 67,68 and water-mediated [69][70][71] MW-assisted reactions acquire a relevant role.…”

A Novel Method for the Deprotection of N-Boc-D-Glucosamine-Ac by Irradiation via Microwave

“…This is why the techniques of reaction without solvent developed. It can be a simple mixture of reagents without catalyst [17].…”