“…112 It also has some superior mechanical strength (nearly 200 times stronger than steel) and other characteristics (Young's modulus ≈1100 GPa), ultra-thin nanostructure (10 6 times thinner than a human hair), very high surface area (≈2630 m 2 g −1 ), superior heat conductivity (≈5000 W m −1 K −1 ), high stretchability, full flexibility but high insulative properties, inherent biocompatibility, and chemical inertness. [103][104][105][106][107] Furthermore, the latest advancements in new materials, cost-effectiveness, and scalable manufacturing technologies have enabled it to become one of the most appealing nanomaterials in different fields such as microelectronics, composites, alternative energy, sensor systems, and catalysts supports. [113][114][115] Due to these aforementioned characteristics, and its biocompatibility, functionalized graphene has been applied in chemical and biological applications, [116][117][118] a few of which include biosensing, antibacterial/antiviral interaction, anti-cancer interaction, photothermal treatment therapy (PTT), targeted pharmaceutical administration, electrical stimulation of cells, and tissue culture.…”