Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shell: Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)

Jamaluddin, Muhammad ‘Azim; Ismail, Khudzir; Ishak, Mohd Azlan Mohd; Ghani, Zaidi Ab; Abdullah, Muhammad; Safian, Muhammad Taqi Uddeen; Idris, Siti Shawalliah; Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin; Yunus, Muhammad; Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida Mohd

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.12.042

Cited by 96 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Present studies have been focused on thermochemical conversion technologies including pyrolysis [1], combustion [2] and gasification [3]. Pyrolysis is a representative thermochemical technology to convert biomass into fuels or some other chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the first topic, three main kinds of biomass were usually chosen to be pyrolysed till now. They were agricultural wastes (such as rice straw [2], peanut hull [17], and crop residue [22]), forestry waste (such as palm kernel shell [1], hardwood sawdust [23] and pine needles [11]), and some other garbage (such as sewage sludge [24] and chicken manures [25]). In terms of reaction conditions, much research had done before.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demirbas [10] investigated the effect of temperature and particle size on biochar yield, and found the biochar yield increased with the pyrolysis temperature decreasing or with the sample particle size increasing. Jamaluddin et al [1] used microwave to assist biomass pyrolysis and investigated reaction time, sample mass and nitrogen gas flow rate to determine the optimum condition for pyrolysis. Besides that, Crombie et al [14] investigated influence of heating rate (between 1-100 ºC) on biochar production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of biochar obtained from pyrolysis of bamboo shoot shell

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of biochar obtained from pyrolysis of bamboo shoot shell

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Eventually, a CCD with the full factorial was developed using the Minitab 16 software. Each factor was varied over five levels: the high level (+1), the low level (-1), the center points (coded level 0) and two outer points (±α) corresponding to a value of ±1.633 [33,34]. Table S1 summarizes the coded and experimental variables for CCD.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the ANOVA and regression analysis compared the linear, quadratic and interaction terms and tested their p-values for significance [36]. Regression analysis is a typical empirical approach of fitting models [34]. Thus the regression analysis of vinegar, tar, and biochar was conducted using coded values as was illustrated in the experimental design (Table S1).…”

Section: Statistical and Regression Analysis Of Vinegar Tar And Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing slow pyrolysis of banana peels wastes using response surface methodology

Omulo

Banadda

Kabenge

et al. 2018

Environmental Engineering Research

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Renewable energy from biomass and biodegradable wastes can significantly supplement the global energy demand if properly harnessed. Pyrolysis is the most profound modern technique that has proved effective and efficient in the energy conversion of biomass to yield various products like bio-oil, biochar, and syngas. This study focuses on optimization of slow pyrolysis of banana peels waste to yield banana peels vinegar, tar and biochar as bio-infrastructure products. Response surface methodology using central composite design was used to determine the optimum conditions for the banana wastes using a batch reactor pyrolysis system. Three factors namely heating temperature (350-550 o C), sample mass (200-800 g) and residence time (45-90 min) were varied with a total of 20 individual experiments. The optimal conditions for wood vinegar yield (48.01%) were 362.6 o C, 989.9 g and 104.2 min for peels and biochar yield (30.10%) were 585.9 o C, 989.9 g and 104.2 min. The slow pyrolysis showed significant energy conversion efficiencies of about 90% at p-value ≤ 0.05. These research findings are of primary importance to Uganda considering the abundant banana wastes amounting to 17.5 million tonnes generated annually, thus using them as pyrolysis feedstock can boost the country's energy status.

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Advances in Microwave Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials

et al. 2021

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Usually, porous materials are synthesized by using conventional electric heating, which can be energy‐ and time‐consuming. Microwave heating is commonly used in many households to quickly heat food. Microwave ovens can also be used as powerful devices in the synthesis of various porous materials. The microwave‐assisted synthesis offers a simple, fast, efficient, and economic way to obtain many of the advanced nanomaterials. This review summarizes the recent achievements in the microwave‐assisted synthesis of diverse groups of nanoporous materials including silicas, carbons, metal–organic frameworks, and metal oxides. Microwave‐assisted methods afford highly porous materials with high specific surface areas (SSAs), e.g., activated carbons with SSA ≈3100 m2 g−1, metal–organic frameworks with SSA ≈4200 m2 g−1, covalent organic frameworks with SSA ≈2900 m2 g−1, and metal oxides with relatively small SSA ≈300 m2 g−1. These methods are also successfully implemented for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silicas and carbons as well as spherically shaped nanomaterials. Most of the nanoporous materials obtained under microwave irradiation show potential applications in gas adsorption, water treatment, catalysis, energy storage, and drug delivery, among others.

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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shell: Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)

Cited by 96 publications

References 24 publications

Properties of biochar obtained from pyrolysis of bamboo shoot shell

Properties of biochar obtained from pyrolysis of bamboo shoot shell

Optimizing slow pyrolysis of banana peels wastes using response surface methodology

Advances in Microwave Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials

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